The placenta, a temporary organ, is pivotal for fetal growth and health by enabling the exchange of nutrients and waste between the maternal bloodstream and the fetus. It secretes an array of hormones vital for maintaining pregnancy, ensures immunological tolerance for the semi-allogenic fetus, and serves as a defense for the fetus against toxins and pathogens 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.

Placental trophoblasts differentiate into two primary types: villous trophoblasts (VTs) and extravillous