The term “tropical disease” encompasses communicable and non-communicable diseases, genetic disorders, and illnesses caused by nutritional deficiencies predominantly found in the tropical regions of the world [1]. Tropical region refers to the geographic and climatic area on either side of the equator, bounded by the Tropic of Cancer to the north and the Tropic of Capricorn to the south (Fig. 1). The tropics account for approximately one-third of the world's land area and population, including parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, South America, Australia, and a small portion of North America [2]. The climate of these regions tends to be warm, featuring distinct wet and dry seasons. Most areas consist of developing countries that face common challenges such as low socioeconomic status, limited access to healthcare, malnutrition, and infections. Traditionally, communicable diseases have been a significant concern in the tropics; however, with lifestyle changes, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases is on the rise [1]. Neglected tropical diseases comprise a group of primarily infectious diseases that lead to significant morbidity and mortality [3]. The epidemiology of these diseases is complex, typically dependent on environmental factors, vectors, hosts, and their interactions. Tropical rheumatology addresses the rheumatic manifestations of these tropical diseases, many of which are secondary to infections. These infections range from bacterial (acute rheumatic fever, tuberculosis, leprosy, brucellosis, salmonellosis, tropical pyomyositis) to viral (Chikungunya, dengue) to parasitic (malaria, Schistosoma, amoebiasis) and fungal (candida, Sporothrix, Histoplasma). Sickle cell disease, fluorosis and metabolic bone diseases are also prevalent in the tropics. Managing these diseases is crucial, considering the number of people living in these regions. With increased travel, migration, and climatic fluctuations, these diseases are no longer confined to the tropics [4].