The figure illustrates the principal research methodologies included in our systematic review, which delves into the reciprocal interplay between the oxytocin (OXT) and dopamine (DA) systems that shapes social behaviours in various rodent species. Employing a diverse array of methodological approaches encompassing genetic models, pharmacology/psychostimulant drugs, chemogenetics, and optogenetics, our analysis of the literature spotlights the interaction of OXT and DA systems in significant brain regions such as the hypothalamus (Hyp), ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), striatum (STR), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala (Amy). The discerned effects involve many social behaviours, including social interaction, aggression, parental behaviour, and pair bonding. Abbreviations: DAR: dopamine receptors; OXTR: oxytocin receptors.