Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by a brain damage resulting from extravasation of blood into the brain parenchyma. (Keep et al., 2012; Wilkinson et al., 2018) It is associated with increase in mortality and diminished functional outcomes. (Xi et al., 2006; Keep et al., 2012; Wilkinson et al., 2018) Primary injury occurs through mechanical disruption of brain tissues, mass effect from the hematoma resulting in an intracranial pressure elevation, and brain herniation. Underlying mechanisms of brain injury are associated with complex inflammatory processes triggered by blood clots. Such processes activate cytotoxic, excitotoxic, and inflammatory pathways, ultimately resulting in secondary brain injury. (Xi et al., 2006; Lok et al., 2011; Tschoe et al., 2020; Greenberg et al., 2022) Despite numerous efforts to identify potential treatments, pharmacological treatment options still remain to be elucidated. (Xi et al., 2006; Keep et al., 2012; Zheng et al., 2016; Wilkinson et al., 2018; McGurgan et al., 2021; Magid-Bernstein et al., 2022) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as in the control of metabolic and inflammatory processes. (Berger and Moller, 2002; Youssef and Badr, 2004; Kapadia et al., 2008) Thiazolidinedione is a synthetic PPAR γ agonist that was originally developed as an antidiabetic drug. (Zhao et al., 2005; Kapadia et al., 2008; Ahn and Lim, 2019; Bae et al., 2021) PPAR γ agonists have also demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, encephalitis, and stroke, through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. (Polak et al., 2005; Heneka et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2011; Barbiero et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2020) Pioglitazone is associated with improved neurological outcomes, through expedited hematoma absorption after ICH. Consistently, lobeglitazone, a newly developed PPAR γ agonist, may have potential neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the present study investigated the beneficial effects of lobeglitazone on ICH in rats.