United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2024. Vienna: United Nations; 2024.
Farrell M, Martin NK, Stockings E, Borquez A, Cepeda JA, Degenhardt L, et al. Responding to global stimulant use: challenges and opportunities. Lancet. 2019;394:1652–67.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. dsm.psychiatryonline.org. Accessed 1 June 2013.
Potvin S, Pelletier J, Grot S, Hébert C, Barr AM, Lecomte T. Cognitive deficits in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder: a meta-analysis. Addict Behav. 2018;80:154–60.
Sabrini S, Wang GY, Lin JC, Ian JK, Curley LE. Methamphetamine use and cognitive function: a systematic review of neuroimaging research. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;194:75–87.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Degenhardt L, Glantz M, Evans-Lacko S, Sadikova E, Sampson N, Thornicroft G, et al. Estimating treatment coverage for people with substance use disorders: an analysis of data from the World Mental Health Surveys. World Psychiatry. 2017;16:299–307.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cumming C, Troeung L, Young JT, Kelty E, Preen DB. Barriers to accessing methamphetamine treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;168:263–73.
St. Peters MM, Park CHJ, Turner A, Guerin AA, Kim JH. Past and current drug repurposing clinical trials to treat cognition in methamphetamine use: a scoping review of pharmacotherapy candidates. Addict Neurosci. 2023;5: 100064.
Siefried KJ, Acheson LS, Lintzeris N, Ezard N. Pharmacological treatment of methamphetamine/amphetamine dependence: a systematic review. CNS Drugs. 2020;34:337–65.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sulzer D, Sonders MS, Poulsen NW, Galli A. Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review. Prog Neurobiol. 2005;75:406–33.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Degenhardt L, Grebely J, Stone J, Hickman M, Vickerman P, Marshall BDL, et al. Global patterns of opioid use and dependence: harms to populations, interventions, and future action. Lancet. 2019;394:1560–79.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bell J. Pharmacological maintenance treatments of opiate addiction. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77:253–63.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014:Cd002207.
Unodc NDF. #ScaleUp—UNODC initiative on promoting scalable and effective interventions for the treatment of stimulants use disorders: United Nations; 2024.
Darke S, Farrell M. Which medications are suitable for agonist drug maintenance? Addiction. 2016;111:767–74.
Hall W, Darke S, Farrell M. Do we need clinical trials of high dose stimulant agonist treatment for stimulant use disorders? Addiction. 2024;119:786–7.
Mattick RP, Darke S. Drug replacement treatments: is amphetamine substitution a horse of a different colour? Drug Alcohol Rev. 1995;14:389–94.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sharafi H, Bakouni H, Mcanulty C, Drouin S, Coronado-Montoya S, Bahremand A, et al. Prescription psychostimulants for the treatment of amphetamine-type stimulant use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Addiction. 2024;119:211–24.
Ezard N, Clifford B, Siefried K, Ali R, Dunlop A, Mcketin R, et al. Lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Addiction. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16730.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Moran LV, Ongur D, Hsu J, Castro VM, Perlis RH, Schneeweiss S. Psychosis with methylphenidate or amphetamine in patients with ADHD. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1128–38.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tadrous M, Shakeri A, Chu C, Watt J, Mamdani MM, Juurlink DN, et al. Assessment of stimulant use and cardiovascular event risks among older adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4: e2130795–e95.
Zhang L, Yao H, Li L, Du Rietz E, Andell P, Garcia-Argibay M, et al. Risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with medications used in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5: e2243597.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bakouni H, Sharafi H, Bahremand A, Drouin S, Ziegler D, Bach P, et al. Bupropion for treatment of amphetamine-type stimulant use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023;253: 111018.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Colfax GN, Santos GM, Das M, Santos DM, Matheson T, Gasper J, et al. Mirtazapine to reduce methamphetamine use: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1168–75.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Coffin PO, Santos G-M, Hern J, Vittinghoff E, Walker JE, Matheson T, et al. Effects of mirtazapine for methamphetamine use disorder among cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatr. 2020;77:246–55.
Ray LA, Bujarski S, Courtney KE, Moallem NR, Lunny K, Roche D, et al. The effects of naltrexone on subjective response to methamphetamine in a clinical sample: a double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40:2347–56.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bastien G, Mcanulty C, Sharafi H, Mahroug A, Elkrief L, Ziegler D, et al. Is naltrexone effective and safe for treating amphetamine-type stimulant use disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Med. 2024;19(3):322–30.
Trivedi MH, Walker R, Ling W, Dela Cruz A, Sharma G, Carmody T, et al. Bupropion and naltrexone in methamphetamine use disorder. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:140–53.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mcketin R, Dean OM, Turner A, Kelly PJ, Quinn B, Lubman DI, et al. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for methamphetamine dependence: a randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38: 101005.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Trescot AM, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H. Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008;11:S133–53.
Goldstein A. Heroin addiction and the role of methadone in its treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972;26:291–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jiménez-Ruiz C, Berlin I, Hering T. Varenicline: a novel pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Drugs. 2009;69:1319–38.
Wilkes S. The use of bupropion SR in cigarette smoking cessation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2008;3:45–53.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;5(5):Cd006103.
Yates JR, Broderick MR, Berling KL, Gieske MG, Osborn E, Nelson MR, et al. Effects of adolescent methylphenidate administration on methamphetamine conditioned place preference in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: examination of potential sex differences. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023;252: 110970.
Comments (0)