A modified Delphi method with 25 experts was used to reach consensus.

46 competencies were approved with at least 90% agreement.

Competency-based training is essential for preparing surgeons.

To standardize the necessary competencies for Head and Neck Surgery residents related to the specialty.

The Delphi process was employed in its sequential phases: the selection of an expert panel; a structured questionnaire containing a preliminary list of potential competencies; the electronic distribution of the questionnaire to the experts, with options to “maintain”, “remove”, or “modify” the competencies and to suggest the inclusion of new competencies; a second round indicating “agree” or “disagree” for each reformulated or new competency; and the final consensus.

Forty-six competencies were established for Head and Neck Surgery residents in the specialty.

Head and Neck Surgery residents and fellows should be trained in depth for the competency framework encompassing both routine and complex surgical interventions.

Education

Medical

Competencies

Clinical

Residency and internship

Delphi method

© 2025 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.