Female MODY cases have lower IDL midbands (MID-A to C) than in female T2DM cases.

In male MODY cases, the HDL-small fraction was lower than in male T2DM cases.

In the T2DM group, MID-C and MID-B showed a positive correlation with patient age.

Lipoprotein subfraction analyses may be a potential diagnostic tool to predict MODY.

The distribution of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions specific to diabetes types and changes under dyslipidemia conditions have been well characterised. Research into the distribution of lipoprotein subfractions in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) has hitherto been confined to certain subtypes, with gender-based differences remaining to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the distribution of lipoprotein subfractions according to gender in MODY, T2DM patients, and control groups.

Lipoprotein subfractions in 119 serum samples of the study groups were analyzed using the Lipoprint-System.

The midbands of IDL (MID-A to C) in female MODY cases, and the HDL-small fraction in male MODY cases, were found to be lower compared to female and male T2DM cases, respectively. In the T2DM group, age was positively correlated with MID-C and MID-B in both genders, while it was negatively correlated with MID-A in female cases. ROC analysis demonstrated that the decrease in the MID-C fraction in female MODY subjects (AUC:0.809, p = 0.0001) and the decrease in the HDL-small fraction in male MODY subjects (AUC:0.818, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with the likelihood of MODY.

Given that a considerable proportion of MODY patients are frequently misdiagnosed as T2DM, low levels of MID-C and HDL-small fractions, both of which are triglyceride-rich, may have potential as a diagnostic value for female and male MODY patients, respectively.

MODY

T2DM

IDL

LDL

HDL

Lipoprotein subfractions

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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