Pandanus amaryllifolius is an aromatic herb used in traditional medicine.

P. amaryllifolius is used for the treatment of diabetes and inflammation.

P. amaryllifolius contains various compounds e.g. phenolics and flavonoids.

P. amaryllifolius displays antioxidant activity via DPPH, ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay.

P. amaryllifolius inhibits α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and NO production.

This study was aimed to determine phytochemical constituents, and antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts from Pandanus amaryllifolius and verify whether extracting solvents and concentrations, and age of leaves influence phytochemicals and activities of the extracts.

Mature leaves were extracted with 50% or 95% ethanol. Young, medium, and mature leaves were extracted with 80 °C or 100 °C distilled water. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) and phytochemical screening, evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) along with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (radical scavenging assay) (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (radical cation assay) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays, and Griess assay were employed for determination of phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively.

LC-MS analysis revealed 61 compounds in 50% ethanol extract and 94 compounds in the 95% ethanol extract. Quercetin 3-galactoside was the most predominant compound in the 50% ethanol extract, and saponarin in the 95% ethanol extract. The 95% ethanol extract possessed higher antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities than the 50% ethanol extract. The water extracts contained phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. The mature leaves extracted with 80 °C water exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity, in comparing to others.

The extracting solvents and concentrations as well as the leaf ages significantly influence the phytochemical constituents and the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts. The findings support the potential development of P. amaryllifolius extracts as functional ingredients for managing diseases related to oxidative stress, diabetes, and inflammation.

Pandanus amaryllifolius

Phytochemical constituents

Antioxidant

Antidiabetic

Anti-inflammation

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.