13,671 ANA images from SLE patients enrolled in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Inception Cohort (SLICC, n = 2825 images), non-SLE subjects enrolled in the Ontario Health Study (OHS, n = 10,639 images), and the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP, n = 207 images) were analyzed. All SLICC and OHS ANA were performed in one central laboratory using IFA on HEp-2 cells (NovaLite, Werfen, SD) and read on a digital IFA microscope (NovaView, Werfen, SD). A lab