Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known as a causative pathogen of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in nosocomial infections, reportedly accounting for 12.9–21.1 % [1,2]. In particular, urinary tract infections in male patients can be complicated by prostatitis or prostatic abscesses, in which urinary catheter placement increases the risk of developing these cryptic infections [3]. According to previous literature, prostatic abscess is a complication of acute bacterial prostatitis, with an involvement rate of 3.5–21.8 % [1,4]. The most common causative pathogens of prostatic abscesses have been reported to be Staphylococcus aureus, and P. aeruginosa is quite rarely implicated [5]. Several acquired resistance determinants exist in P. aeruginosa, raising concerns that antimicrobial resistance can lead to poor clinical outcome [6]. In cases of renal or liver abscesses caused by P. aeruginosa, combined antibiotic treatments for longer than four weeks are recommended [7,8]. To our knowledge, prostatic abscess cases due to urinary catheter-associated P. aeruginosa infection have not been well documented, and their clinical characteristics, preferable treatment strategy, and outcome remain to be elucidated. The type III secretion system (T3SS) genes (ExoS, ExoT, ExoU, and ExoY), which encode effector proteins, and biofilm-associated genes (pilA and fimT) have been reported as virulent factors of P. aeruginosa-associated CAUTI [9,10]. The T3SS effectors can disrupt host cells and trigger inflammation, while pilA- and fimT-mediated biofilms enhance catheter adherence and protect bacteria, collectively promoting colonization and persistent infection, which may contribute to the development of CAUTI [9,10]. However, their potential relevance to the development of prostatic infections is unclear. This case series aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and investigate relevant virulence factors of patients with nosocomial P. aeruginosa CAUTI complicated with prostatic lesions. These findings may help inform the management of this challenging patient population.