GLOBOCAN 2022: Bladder cancer 9th most common worldwide. https://worldbladdercancer.org/news_events/globocan-2022-bladder-cancer-is-the-9th-most-commonly-diagnosed-worldwide/. Accessed 4 Apr 2025

Zhang Y, Rumgay H, Li M, Yu H, Pan H, Ni J (2023) The global landscape of bladder cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 and projections to 2040. J Glob Health 13:04109. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.13.04109

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elmekawy S, Taha DE, Nabeeh HE, Ibrahim A, Zeid AE, Abdelbaky T (2023) Comparison of holmium laser, bipolar and conventional monopolar transurethral resection of bladder tumour in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Pak Med Assoc 73(4):S251–S256. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.EGY-S4-50

Article  Google Scholar 

Kamat AM, Bağcıoğlu M, Huri E (2017) What is new in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in 2016? Turk J Urol 43(1):9. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2017.60376

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xishuang S, Deyong Y, Xiangyu C, Tao J, Quanlin L, Hongwei G et al (2010) Comparing the safety and efficiency of conventional monopolar, plasmakinetic, and holmium laser transurethral resection of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Endourol 24(1):69–73. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2009.0171

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao W (2024) Current opinions regarding the clinical utility of en bloc resection in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer—a review of the literature. Discover Oncol 15(1):574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01452-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang C-W, Lee P-J, Wu C-W, Ho C-H (2023) Comparison of pathological outcome and recurrence rate between en bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor and conventional transurethral resection: a meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel) 15(7):2055. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072055

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fankhauser CD, Wettstein MS, Afferi L, Grossmann NC, Mostafid H (2021) En bloc resection of bladder tumor—is it the way forward? Front Surg 8:685506. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2021.685506

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mostafid AH (2016) Time to re‐evaluate and refine re-transurethral resection in bladder cancer? BJU Int 118(1):9–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13385

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Enikeev D, Taratkin M, Margulis V, Sorokin N, Severgina L, Paramonova N et al (2020) Safety and short-term oncological outcomes of thulium fiber laser en bloc resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a prospective non-randomized phase II trial. Bladder Cancer 6(2):201–210. https://doi.org/10.3233/BLC-200275

Article  Google Scholar 

Hashem A, Mosbah A, El-Tabey NA, Laymon M, Ibrahiem E-H, Abd Elhamid M et al (2021) Holmium laser en-bloc resection versus conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumors for treatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomized clinical trial. Eur Urol Focus 7(5):1035–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2020.12.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Z, Long G, Zhang Y, Sun G, Ouyang W, Wang S et al (2021) Thulium laser resection of bladder tumors vs. conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumors for intermediate and high risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer followed by intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Front Surg 8:759487. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2021.759487

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cho SY, Jung KT (2025) Adductor muscle contraction under deep neuromuscular blockade during TURBT under general anesthesia: is obturator nerve block still necessary?—a prospective, single-arm, exploratory study. Medicina (Kaunas) 61(7):1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071207

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gupta NP, Saini AK, Dogra PN, Seth A, Kumar R (2011) Bipolar energy for transurethral resection of bladder tumours at low-power settings: initial experience. BJU Int 108(4):553–556. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09903.x. (Epub 2010 Dec 22 PMID: 21176081)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Liao J, Chen L, Qiu S, Mo C, Mao X et al (2015) En bloc transurethral resection with 2-micron continuous-wave laser for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomized controlled trial. World J Urol 33:989–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1342-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vladanov I, Pleșacov A, Scutelnic G, Ghicavîi V (2022) The efficiency of thulium laser en-bloc transurethral resection of non-muscular-invasive bladder tumors. Mold J Health Sci 1(21):76–84. https://doi.org/10.52645/MJHS.2022.1.07

Article  Google Scholar 

Paner GP, Ro JY, Wojcik EM, Venkataraman G, Datta MW, Amin MB (2007) Further characterization of the muscle layers and lamina propria of the urinary bladder by systematic histologic mapping: implications for pathologic staging of invasive urothelial carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 31(9):1420–1429. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3180588283

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang C-W, Tang T-Y, Geng J-H, Jhan J-H, Wang H-S, Shen J-T et al (2022) The safety and efficacy of vela laser en-bloc endoscopic resection versus conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor—a single center experience. J Clin Med 11(17):5233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175233

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE, Saffati G, La T, Cathey J, Angulo-Lozano JC, Salgado-Garza G, Walsh J, Slawin B, Kronstedt S, Lowrey K, Slawin JR (2025) Comparative effectiveness of en-bloc vs. conventional transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Urol Assoc J 19(9):E328–E335. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.9070

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Razzaghi MR, Mazloomfard MM, Yavar M, Malekian S, Mousapour P (2021) Holmium LASER in comparison with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: randomized clinical trial with 18-month follow-up. Urol J 18(04):460–465. https://doi.org/10.22037/uj.v18i.6319

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leonardi R, Calarco A, Falcone L, Grasso V, Frisenda M, Tufano A et al (2022) Endoscopic laser en bloc removal of bladder tumor. Surgical radicality and improvement of the pathological diagnostic accuracy. Arch Ital Urol Androl 94(2):134–137. https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2022.2.134

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akand M, Muilwijk T, Raskin Y, De Vrieze M, Joniau S, Van Der Aa F (2019) Quality control indicators for transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 17(4):e784–e792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2019.04.014

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’souza N, Verma A (2016) Holmium laser transurethral resection of bladder tumor: our experience. Urol Ann 8(4):439–443. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7796.190815

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu H, Ma J, Chen Z, Yang J, Yuan H, Wang T et al (2018) Safety and efficacy of en bloc transurethral resection with 1.9 µm vela laser for treatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urology 113:246–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.11.030

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li K, Xu Y, Tan M, Xia S, Xu Z, Xu D (2019) A retrospective comparison of thulium laser en bloc resection of bladder tumor and plasmakinetic transurethral resection of bladder tumor in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Lasers Med Sci 34:85–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2604-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu H, Wu J, Xue S, Zhang Q, Ruan Y, Sun X et al (2013) Comparison of the safety and efficacy of conventional monopolar and 2-micron laser transurethral resection in the management of multiple nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. J Int Med Res 41(4):984–992. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060513477001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar