Uchino A, Saito N, Takahashi M et al (2013) Variations in the origin of the vertebral artery and its level of entry into the transverse foramen diagnosed by CT angiography. Neuroradiol 55:585–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-013-1142-0
Uchino A, Saito N, Watadani T et al (2012) Vertebral artery variations at the C1-2 level diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography. In: Neuroradiol 19–23
Suwannakhan A, Sangkongmuang O, Samanchai A et al (2024) Anatomical investigation of the morphometry of the cerebral arteries using digital subtraction angiography in the Thai population. Surg Radiol Anat 46:1775–1781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-024-03484-w
Standring S, Tubbs RS (2025) Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice, 43rd edn. Elsevier, London, UK
Tudose RC, Rusu MC, Hostiuc S (2023) The vertebral artery: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the current literature. Diagnostics 13(12):2036
Papadopoulos-Manolarakis P, Triantafyllou G, Papanagiotou P et al (2025) Considerations regarding the morphological variability of the superior cerebellar artery. Neuroradiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-025-03659-1
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Triantafyllou G, Papadopoulos-Manoralarakis P, Tudose RC et al (2025) Prevalence of suboccipital and intradural vertebral artery variants: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Neuroradiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-025-03674-2
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Uchino A (2019) Carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis: magnetic resonance and computed tomographic angiographic demonstration. Jpn J Radiol 37:565–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-019-00847-x
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Triantafyllou G, Tudose RC, Tsiouris C et al (2024) The anterior communicating artery variants: a meta-analysis with a proposed classification system. Surg Radiol Anat 46:697–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-024-03336-7
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Triantafyllou G, Paschopoulos I, Kamoutsis K et al (2025) Morphological variations of the anterior cerebral artery: a systematic review with meta-analysis of 85,316 patients. Diagnostics 15:1893. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151893
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sharma U, Verma S, Adithan S, Khobragade A (2024) Morphology and variations of middle cerebral artery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Anat Cell Biol 57:481–497. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.24.005
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Henry BM, Tomaszewski KA, Walocha JA (2016) Methods of evidence-based anatomy: a guide to conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis of anatomical studies. Ann Anat 205:16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AANAT.2015.12.002
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Henry BM, Tomaszewski KA, Ramakrishnan PK et al (2017) Development of the anatomical quality assessment (AQUA) tool for the quality assessment of anatomical studies included in meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Clin Anat 30:6–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/CA.22799
Furuya-Kanamori L, Barendregt JJ, Doi SAR (2018) A new improved graphical and quantitative method for detecting bias in meta-analysis. Int J Evid Based Healthc 16:195–203. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000141
AkgunV, Battal B, Bozkurt Y et al (2013) Normal anatomical features and variations of the vertebrobasilar circulation and its branches: an analysis with 64-detector row CT and 3T MR angiographies. Sci World J. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/620162
Alharbi Y, Al Saffar RAM (2024) Anatomical study of variations in the configurations of the circle of Willis in relation to age, sex, and diameters of the components. Anat Cell Biol 57:579–591. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.24.020
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Allen JW, Alastra AJG, Nelson PK (2005) Proximal intracranial internal carotid artery branches: prevalence and importance for balloon occlusion test. J Neurosurg 102:45–52. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.102.1.0045
Arráez-Aybar LA, Villar-Martin A, Poyatos-Ruiperez C et al (2013) Prevalence of fenestrated basilar artery with magnetic resonance angiography: a transversal study. Surg Radiol Anat 35:487–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-1053-5
Arráez-Aybar L-A, Fuentes-Redondo T, Millán JM (2016) Persistent trigeminal artery: a cross-sectional study based on over 3 years conventional angiography, CT angiography and MR angiography images. Surg Radiol Anat 38:445–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1578-5
Bai M, Guo Q, Li S (2013) Persistent trigeminal artery/persistent trigeminal artery variant and coexisting variants of the head and neck vessels diagnosed using 3 T MRA. Clin Radiol 68:e578–e585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2013.05.099
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bayrak AH, Senturk S, Akay HO et al (2011) The frequency of intracranial arterial fenestrations: a study with 64-detector CT-angiography. Eur J Radiol 77:392–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.09.015
Bharatha A, Aviv RI, White J et al (2008) Intracranial arterial fenestrations: frequency on CT angiography and association with other vascular lesions. Surg Radiol Anat 30:397–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-008-0340-7
Bożek P, Pilch-Kowalczyk J, Kluczewska E, Zymon-Zagórska A (2012) Detection of cerebral artery fenestrations by computed tomography angiography. Neurol Neurochir Pol 46:239–244. https://doi.org/10.5114/ninp.2012.29132
Bulbuc I, Iliescu DM, Dina C et al (2025) Trigeminal artery anatomical aspects. Surg Radiol Anat 47:54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-024-03553-0
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen Y-C, Li M-H, Chen S-W et al (2011) Incidental findings of persistent primitive trigeminal artery on 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography at 3.0 T: an analysis of 25 cases. J Neuroimaging 21:152–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2010.00472.x
Czyżewski W, Hoffman Z, Szymoniuk M et al (2022) The incidence, localization and clinical relevance of arterial fenestrations and their association to brain aneurysms: a case–control study based on the STROBE guidelines. Brain Sci 12:1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101310
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Deniz MA, Turmak M, Hattapoğlu S, Tekinhatun M (2022) Persistent trigeminal artery detected on computed tomography angiography. Surg Radiol Anat 44:715–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-022-02960-5
Dodevski A, Lazareska M, Tosovska-Lazarova D et al (2011) Basilar artery fenestration. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 70:80–83
Hamidi C, Bükte Y, Hattapoğlu S et al (2013) Display with 64-detector MDCT angiography of cerebral vascular variations. Surg Radiol Anat 35:729–736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-013-1082-8
Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y et al (2023) An anatomical study of persistent trigeminal artery detected by computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography: proposal for a modified classification and a novel basilar artery grading system. Surg Radiol Anat 45:947–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03164-1
Kim MJ, Kim MS (2015) Persistent primitive trigeminal artery: analysis of anatomical characteristics and clinical significances. Surg Radiol Anat 37:69–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-014-1318-2
Šaranović D (2014) Intracranial arterial variations: a comprehensive evaluation using CT angiography. Med Sci Monit 20:420–427. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.890265
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu Y-B, Feng P-Y, Zhang T-Z et al (2022) A study on the persistent trigeminal artery and its classification based on magnetic resonance angiograph images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 46:645–650. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0000000000001309
Comments (0)