Adinolfi G (2012) The institutionalization of propaganda in the Fascist era. The case of Germany, Portugal and Italy. Eur Leg Forum 17(5):607–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2012.699300

Article  Google Scholar 

Admiralty (1944) Italy: naval intelligence handbook (BR 517), vol 1. Naval Intelligence Division, London

Google Scholar 

Alexander D (1987) Land of disaster. Geog Mag 53:226–231

Google Scholar 

Alexander D (1997) The study of natural disaster, 1977–1997: some reflections on a changing field of knowledge. Disasters 24(4):284–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00064

Article  Google Scholar 

Alexander D (2000) Confronting catastrophe: new perspectives on natural disasters. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Google Scholar 

Anderson JM (2000) History of Portugal. Greenwood, Westport

Book  Google Scholar 

Angelini A (2009) Isole Eolie Piano de Gestione. UNESCO, Regione Sicilia, Palermo

Google Scholar 

Anon (1923a) Etna in eruption. The Times (London), 19th June, p 14

Anon (1923b) King’s visit cheers Mount Etna refugees. Mussolini's departure from the scene of the eruption also gives confidence. New York Times, 21st June, p 21

Anon (1923c) Etna’s fury wanes; lava flow checked. Castiglione is now the only town in imminent danger from volcano. Mussolini directs relief. New York Times, 22nd June, p 19

Anon (1930a) The earthquake in Italy. £1,000,000 for relief work. The Times (London), 30th July, p 11

Anon (1930b) 60,000 homeless in Italy. Canvas city to house earthquake victims. The Manchester Guardian, 29th July, p 6

Anon (1930c) New Italian disaster—many victims of cyclone—the earthquake devastation—royal sympathy. The Times London, 26th July, p 12

Anon (1932a) Quake on Azores Island: 1,000 homeless on São Miguel. New York Times, 10th August, p. 9

Anon (1932b) 3,000 homeless after Azores Quake. New York Times, 12th August, p 2

Anon (1967a) Lisbon students accuse regime of failure in flood killing 457. New York Times, 4th December, p 10

Anon (1967b) At least 250 die as heavy floods hit Lisbon area. New York Times, 27th November, p 1

Anon (2019a) Stromboli, la grande eruzione del 1930: l’ evento più violento e distruttivo della sua storia. MeteoWeb 4th July (Stromboli, la grande eruzione del 1930: l’evento più violento e distruttivo della sua storia [FOTO] (meteoweb.eu). Accessed 16 June 2023

Anon (2019b) L’ album dei recordi: l’intercento dell’ USA Chester a Stromboli (1930). Giornale di Lipari, 15th Settembre. L’album dei ricordi: l’intervento dell’U.S.S. Chester a Stromboli (1930) | Il Giornale di Lipari. Accessed 27 Dec 2023

Anon (2021a) Storiologia Anno 1928. Italia Anno 1928. ITALIA—ANNO 1928 (storiologia.it). Accessed 11 June 2023

Anon (2021b) 23 07 1930 Informazioni sul terremoto. INGV, Roma. Informazioni sul terremoto (iggv.it). Accessed 17 Aug 2023

Anon (2023a) Italy in WW1. Sky history. (Italy in WWI | Sky HISTORY TV Channel). Accessed 5 May 2023

Anon (2023b) “La autorità sono sul posto: la popolazione è calma”. Il terremoto dell’ Alpago Cansiglio del 18 ottobre 1936. INGV Roma (“Le autorità sono sul posto: la popolazione è calma”. Il terremoto dell’Alpago Cansiglio del 18 ottobre 1936—INGVterremoti). Accessed 17 June 2023

Anon (2024). “Stromboli”. City population (Stromboli (Messina, Sicily, Italy)—population statistics, charts, map, location, weather and web information (citypopulation.de). Accessed 14 Aug 2024

Armiero M (2014) Introduction: fascism and nature. Mod Italy 19(3):241–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.926698

Article  Google Scholar 

Ávila JI, Mendoça L (2008) The impact of the Capelinhos emigration on the Azorean population and economy. In: Goulart T (ed) Capelinhos, a volcano of synergies. Azorean Emigration to America, Portuguese Heritage Publications of California, San Jose, pp 67–71

Google Scholar 

Baiôa M (1994) A ditadura militar na historiografia recente. Penélope Rev Ciênc Soc 14:201–220

Google Scholar 

Baklanoff EN (1992) The political economy of Portugal’s later ‘Estado Novo’: a critique of the stagnation thesis. Luso-Braz Rev 29(10):1–17

Google Scholar 

Bankoff G (2012) Historical concepts of disasters and risk. In: Wisner B, Gaillard J-C, Kelman I (eds) The Routledge handbook of hazards and disaster risk reduction. Routledge, London, pp 37–47

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Barberi F, Rosi M, Sodi A (1993) Volcanic hazards assessment at Stromboli based on a review of historical data. Acta Vulcanol 3:173–187

Google Scholar 

Bártolo C (2015) The use (and refuse) of “progress” and “technology” as ideas of the Portuguese Estado Novo regime: a possible analysis of Lições de Salazar posters 1938. O uso [e a recusa] de “progresso” e “tecnologia” como ideais do regime português do Estado Novo: uma possível análise dos cartazes Lições de Salazar, 1938. Univ Hum Brasilia 12(1–2):59–68

Google Scholar 

Bertagnini A, Di Roberto A, Pompilio M (2011) Paroxysmal activity at Stromboli: lessons from the past. Bull Volcanol 73:1229–1243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0470-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Birmingham D (1993) A concise history of Portugal. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Google Scholar 

Bolt B (2004) Earthquakes. W.H.Freeman, New York

Google Scholar 

Borlotti L (1978) Storia della politica edilizia in Italia. Editori Riuniti, Rome

Google Scholar 

Born LK (1927) What is a podestà. Am Polit Sci Rev 4:869–870

Google Scholar 

Bosworth RJB (1981) The Messina earthquake of 28 December 1908. Eur Stud Rev 11(2):189–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/026569148101100204

Article  Google Scholar 

Bosworth RJB (2005) Mussolini’s Italy: life under the fascist dictatorship, 1915–1945. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth

Google Scholar 

Botta S (2022) Fascismo e catastrofi naturali. L risposta del regime all’emergenza sismica. Contemporanea 25(1):27–53

Google Scholar 

Branca S, De Beni E, Chester D, Duncan A, Lotteri A (2017) The 1928 eruption of the Mount Etna (Italy: reconstructing lava flow evolution and the destruction and recovery of the town of Mascali. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 335:54–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.02.002

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Buforn E, López-Sánchez C, Lozano L, Martínez-Solares JM, Oliveira CS, Udías A (2020) Re-evaluation of seismic intensities and relocation of the 1969 Saint Cape seismic sequence. A comparison with the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Pure Appl Geophys 177:1781–1800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02336-8

Article  Google Scholar 

Burdett C (2003) Italian fascism and utopia. Hist Hum Sci 16(1):93–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695103016001008

Article  Google Scholar 

Cannistrano PV (1983) Historical directory of fascist Italy. Greenwood, London

Google Scholar 

Cardullo F (1993) La ricostruzione di Messina 1909-1940. L’ architettura dei servizi pubblici e la città. Officina Edizioni, Roma

Google Scholar 

Carillo MF (2022) Fascistville: Mussolini’s new towns and the persistence of neo-fascism. J Econ Growth 27:527–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-022-09211-7

Article  Google Scholar 

Carrilho AJB (2019) O sismo de 28 de Fevereiro de 1969 à luz de imprensa nacional e regional: O caso particular do Algarve. The earthquake of February 28th, 1969, according to the national and regional press: the particular case of the Algarve. In: Lourenço L, Gomes A (eds) Risco Sísmico. Aprender Com O Passado. RISCOS, Associação Portuguese de Riscos, Prevenção e Segurança, Coimbre, pp 171–186

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Castello Branco A, Zbyszewski G, Mointinho de Almedia F, Veiga Ferreira O (1959) Rapport de la Première Mission Geológique. Mem Serv Geol Port 4:9–27

Google Scholar 

Cavasino A (1929) Il terremoto nelle Prealpi Carniche orientali del 27 marzo 1928. Boll Soc Sismol Ital 28:27–100

Google Scholar 

Chapin FW (1989) Tides of migration: a study of migration decision-making and social progress in São Miguel, Azores. AMS Press, New York

Google Scholar 

Chester DK, Chester OK (2010) The impact of eighteenth-century earthquakes on the Algarve Region. Southern Portugal. Geogr J. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2010.00367.x

Article  Google Scholar 

Chester DK, Duncan AM, Dibben C, Guest JE, Lister PH (1999) Mascali, Mount Etna Region, Sicily: an example of fascist planning during and after the 1928 eruption. Nat Hazards 19(1):29–46

Article  Google Scholar 

Chester DK, Duncan AM, Dibben CRJ (2008) The importance of religion in shaping volcanic risk perceptions in Italy, with special reference to Vesuvius and Etna. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 172:216–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.009

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chester DK, Duncan AM, Sangster H (2012) Human responses to eruptions of Etna (Sicily) during the late-pre-industrial era and their implications for present-day disaster planning. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 225–226:65–80

Article  Google Scholar 

Chester DK, Duncan AM, Coutinho R, Wallenstein N (2019) The role of religion in shaping responses to earthquake and volcanic eruptions: a comparison between Southern Italy and the Azores, Portugal. Philos Theol Sci (PTSc)Ences 6:33–65. https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2019-0004

Article  Google Scholar 

Chester D, Duncan A, Coutinho R, Wallenstein N (2022) Earthquake and volcanic activity on islands. History and contemporary perspectives from the Azores. Routledge, Abingdon

Google Scholar 

Chester D, Duncan A, Duncan J (2025) Religious responses to earthquake and volcanic eruption disasters. Routledge, Abingdon

Google Scholar 

Cincotta G (2023) L’eruzione del 1930 ed altri ricordi. Swiss Education. https://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/about/visitors/cincottai.html. Accessed 16 June 2023

Clark M (1984) Modern Italy: 1871–1992. Longman, London

Google Scholar 

Clough SB (1964) The economic history of modern Italy. Columbia University Press, New York

Book  Google Scholar 

Cole PD, Guest JE, Duncan AM (1996) Capelinhos: the disappearing volcano. Geol Today 12:68–72

Article  Google Scholar 

Cole PD, Guest JE, Duncan AM, Pacheco J-M (2001) Capelinhos 1957-1958, Faial, Azores. Deposits formed by an emergent surtseyan eruption. Bull Volcanol 63(2–3):204–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450100136

Article  Google Scholar 

Comerci V, Vittori E, Blumetti AM, Brustia E, di Manna P, Guerieri L, Lucarini M, Serva L (2015) Environmental effects of the December 28, 1908, Southern Calabria-Messina (Southern Italy) earthquake. Nat Hazards 76:1849–1891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1573-x

Article  Google Scholar 

Contreras BV, Keese A (2022) Living at the margins of repression: everyday life and hidden challenges in the Azores’ Central Group 1954–1960. Eur Hist Q 52(2):221–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914221087842

Article  Google Scholar 

Contreras D, Blaschke T, Kienberger S, Zeil P (2014) Myths and realities about the recovery of L’Aquila after the earthquake. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 8:125–142

Article  Google Scholar 

Corum JL (2012) Brill’s encyclopedia of the First World War. Brill, Leiden

Google Scholar 

Coutinho R, Chester DK, Wallenstein N, Duncan AM (2010) Responses to, and the short and long-term impacts of the 1957/1958 Capelinhos volcanic eruption and associated earthquake activity on Faial, Azores. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 196(3–4):265–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.003

Article  CAS