CDC, High Blood P. 2025 [cited 2025 Aug 20]. High Blood Pressure Facts. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/data-research/facts-stats/index.html

First WHO report. details devastating impact of hypertension and ways to stop it [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/19-09-2023-first-who-report-details-devastating-impact-of-hypertension-and-ways-to-stop-it

Schutte AE, Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy N, Mohan S, Prabhakaran D. Hypertension in low- and middle-income countries. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):808–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aggarwal R, Chiu N, Wadhera RK, Moran AE, Raber I, Shen C et al. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in the United States, 2013–2018. Hypertens Dallas Tex. 1979. 2021;78(6):1719–26.

Makarem N, Alcántara C, Williams N, Bello NA, Abdalla M. Effect of sleep disturbances on blood pressure. Hypertension. 2021;77(4):1036–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Buysse DJ. Sleep health: can we define it? Does It Matter? Sleep. 2014;37(1):9–17.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency. - What Are Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency? | NHLBI, NIH [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation

Products - Data Briefs. - Number 436 - June 2022 [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db436.htm

Holder S, Narula NS. Common sleep disorders in adults: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2022;105(4):397–405.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Billings ME, Cohen RT, Baldwin CM, Johnson DA, Palen BN, Parthasarathy S, et al. Disparities in sleep health and potential intervention models. Chest. 2021;159(3):1232–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Environmental factors are key contributors to health inequities. Available from: https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2023/10/science-highlights/olden-lecture-health-inequities

Blume C, Schoch SF, Vienneau D, Röösli M, Kohler M, Moeller A, et al. Association of transportation noise with sleep during the first year of life: A longitudinal study. Env Res. 2022;203:111776.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dzhambov AM, Lercher P, Botteldooren D. Childhood sound disturbance and sleep problems in Alpine valleys with high levels of traffic exposures and greenspace. Environ Res. 2024;242:117642.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pérez-Crespo L, Essers E, Foraster M, Ambrós A, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Outdoor residential noise exposure and sleep in preadolescents from two European birth cohorts. Environ Res. 2023;225:115502.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bozigar M, Huang T, Redline S, Hart JE, Grady ST, Nguyen DD, et al. Associations between aircraft noise exposure and self-reported sleep duration and quality in the United States-based prospective Nurses’ Health Study Cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2023;131(4):47010.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deprato A, Haldar P, Navarro JF, Harding BN, Lacy P, Maidstone R, et al. Associations between light at night and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2025;974:179188.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wallace DA, Qiu X, Schwartz J, Huang T, Scheer FAJL, Redline S, et al. Light exposure during sleep is bidirectionally associated with irregular sleep timing: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Environ Pollut. 2024;344:123258.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stefanopoulou M, Ruhé N, Portengen L, van Wel L, Vrijkotte TGM, Vermeulen R, et al. Associations of light exposure patterns with sleep among Dutch children: the ABCD cohort study. J Sleep Res. 2024;33(6):e14184.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mead MP, Reid KJ, Knutson KL. Night-to-night associations between light exposure and sleep health. J Sleep Res. 2023;32(2):e13620.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson DA, Wallace DA, Ward L. Racial/ethnic and sex differences in the association between light at night and Actigraphy-measured sleep duration in adults: NHANES 2011–2014. Sleep Health. 2024;10(1 Suppl):S184-90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou P, Ma J, Li X, Zhao Y, Yu K, Su R, et al. The long-term and short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on sleep characteristics in the Chinese population: big data analysis from real world by sleep records of consumer wearable devices. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin Y, Gao Y, Sun X, Wang J, Ye S, Wu IXY, et al. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and their interaction with physical activity on insomnia: A prospective cohort study. Environ Res. 2023;224:115495.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Ke L, Ma X, Di Q. Impact of ground-level Ozone exposure on sleep quality and electroencephalogram patterns at different time scales. Environ Res. 2023;218:115025.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Su K, Hu L, Dai X, Fang X, Yang C, et al. The impact of short-term exposure to criteria air pollutants on sleep disturbance among young adults: A nationwide analysis in 261 Chinese cities. Environ Res. 2025;264:120316.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qian Y, Hamilton GS, Senaratna CV, Lodge CJ, Abramson MJ, Dai X, et al. Ten-year exposure to household air pollution is associated with obstructive sleep Apnoea. Environ Res. 2025;282:122068.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Essers E, Granés L, Botella N, Petricola S, González-Safont L, Arregi A, et al. Exposure to high temperature and sleep in preadolescents from two European birth cohorts. Environ Int. 2025;200:109543.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lechat B, Manners J, Pinilla L, Reynolds AC, Scott H, Vena D et al. Global warming May increase the burden of obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Commun. 2025 ;16(1):5100.

Li A, Zhang Q, Yao Y, Zhu X, Liu C, Guo Y, et al. Higher ambient temperatures May worsen obstructive sleep apnea: A nationwide smartwatch-based analysis of 6.2 million person-days. Sci Bull Beijing. 2024;69(13):2114–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baniassadi A, Manor B, Yu W, Travison T, Lipsitz L. Nighttime ambient temperature and sleep in community-dwelling older adults. Sci Total Environ. 2023;899:165623.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou W, Wang Q, Li R, Zhang Z, Kadier A, Wang W, et al. Heatwave exposure in relation to decreased sleep duration in older adults. Env Int. 2024;183:108348.

Article  Google Scholar 

Thanh Tung N, Lee YL, Liu WT, Lin YC, Chang JH, Xuan Thao HN, et al. Impact of PM(2.5), relative humidity, and temperature on sleep quality: a cross-sectional study in Taipei. Ann Med. 2025;57(1):2448733.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Merced-Nieves FM, Colicino E, Coull B, Bose S, Redline S, Wright RO, et al. Prenatal exposure to manganese and objectively measured sleep disturbances in early childhood. Env Res. 2025;279(Pt 1):121707.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jansen EC, Hector EC, Goodrich JM, Cantoral A, Téllez Rojo MM, Basu N, et al. Mercury exposure in relation to sleep duration, timing, and fragmentation among adolescents in Mexico City. Environ Res. 2020;191:110216.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu Z, Wang Y, Fu M, Luo X, Wang G, Zhang J, et al. The association of mixed multi-metal exposure with sleep duration and self-reported sleep disorder: A subgroup analysis from the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES). Env Pollut. 2024;361:124798.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang H, Zhang Y, Li H, Li J, Liu Q, Wang Y, et al. The association between essential metal element mixture and sleep quality in Chinese Community-Dwelling older adults. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024;202(3):900–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jimenez MP, Suel E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Hystad P, Larkin A, Hankey S, et al. Street-view greenspace exposure and objective sleep characteristics among children. Env Res. 2022;214(Pt 1):113744.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li J, Lin Y, Yang Z, Heinrich J, Zhao T, Yu Z, et al. Association of residential greenness and sleep duration in adults: A prospective cohort study in China. Environ Res. 2025;268:120767.

Article  CAS  PubMed