aWits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;

bDivision of Global HIV & Tuberculosis (DGHT), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA;

cPaediatric HIV Surveillance in the Centre for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa;

dDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and

eDivision of Global HIV and TB (DGHT), CDC South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.

Correspondence to: Lee Fairlie, MBChB, FCPaeds (SA), MMed (Wits), Wits RHI, Shandukani Clinical Research Centre, 7 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, South Africa 2001 (e-mail: [email protected]).

This research publication has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under the terms of Funding Opportunity Announcement Number: IU0IGH002094.

The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose.

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The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funding agencies.