Podda M, Andersson R, Boermeester M, Coccolini F, Sartelli M, Moore EE, Sugrue M, Abu-Zidan F, Tolonen M, Damaskos D, Kluger Y, Soreide K, Pisanu A, Augustin G, Latifi R, Kelly M, Leppaniemi A, Fraga GP, Ten Broek R, Tan E, Van Goor H, Chiara O, Maier RV, Pata F, De Simone B, Ordoñez CA, Ansaloni L, Catena F, Di Saverio S. Do young patients with high clinical suspicion of appendicitis truly need cross-sectional imaging? Proceedings from a highly controversial debate among the experts’ panel of 2020 WSES Jerusalem guidelines. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;90(5):e101–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000003097. (PMID: 33496553).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Song H, Lee S, Park JH, Kim HY, Min HD, Jeon JJ, Lee KH. LOCAT Group. Can patient triaging with clinical scoring systems reduce CT use in adolescents and young adults suspected of having appendicitis? Radiology. 2021;300(2):350–8. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021203884.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andersson RE. The natural history and traditional management of appendicitis revisited: spontaneous resolution and predominance of prehospital perforations imply that a correct diagnosis is more important than an early diagnosis. World J Surg. 2007;31(1):86–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-006-0056-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jennings R, Guo H, Goldin A, Wright DR. Cost-effectiveness of imaging protocols for suspected appendicitis. Pediatrics. 2020;145(2):e20191352. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1352.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andersson M, Kolodziej B, Andersson RE. STRAPPSCORE study group. Randomised clinical trial of appendicitis inflammatory response score-based management of patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2017;104(11):1451–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10637.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feinstein AR. The inadequacy of binary models for the clinical reality of three-zone diagnostic decisions. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43:109–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coste J, Pouchot J. A grey zone for quantitative diagnostic and screening tests. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32(2):304–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg054. (PMID: 12714554).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frountzas M, Stergios K, Kopsini D, Schizas D, Kontzoglou K, Toutouzas K. Alvarado or RIPASA score for diagnosis of acute appendicitis? A meta-analysis of randomised trials. Int J Surg. 2018;56:307–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.07.003. (Epub 2018 Jul 12 PMID: 30017607).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebell MH, Shinholser J. What are the most clinically useful cut-offs for the alvarado and pediatric appendicitis scores? A systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2014;64(4):365–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Favara G, Maugeri A, Barchitta M, Ventura A, Basile G, Agodi A. Comparison of RIPASA and ALVARADO scores for risk assessment of acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(9):e0275427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275427.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bai S, Hu S, Zhang Y, Guo S, Zhu R, Zeng J. The value of the Alvarado score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2023;58(10):1886–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abdella Bahta NN, Zeinert P, Rosenberg J, Fonnes S. The Alvarado score is the most impactful diagnostic tool for appendicitis: a bibliometric analysis. J Surg Res. 2023;291:557–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.06.037.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;29(372):n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

Article  Google Scholar 

Murad MH, Lin L, Chu H, Hasan B, Alsibai RA, Abbas AS, Mustafa RA, Wang Z. The association of sensitivity and specificity with disease prevalence: analysis of 6909 studies of diagnostic test accuracy. CMAJ. 2023;195(27):E925–31. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.221802.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, Leeflang MM, Sterne JA, Bossuyt PM. QUADAS-2 Group. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(8):529–36. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andersson M, Andersson RE. The appendicitis inflammatory response score: a tool for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis that outperforms the Alvarado score. World J Surg. 2008;32(8):1843–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-008-9649-y. (PMID: 18553045).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andersson M, Rubér M, Ekerfelt C, Hallgren HB, Olaison G, Andersson RE. Can new inflammatory markers improve the diagnosis of acute appendicitis? World J Surg. 2014;38(11):2777–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-014-2708-7. (PMID: 25099684).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andersson M, Kolodziej B, Andersson RE. Validation of the appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score. World J Surg. 2021;45(7):2081–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-021-06042-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bardakçi O, Bahçecioğlu İB, Tatli F, Özgönül A, Güldür ME, Uzunköy A. Does one of the two most commonly used scoring systems have a decisive advantage over the other in diagnosing acute appendicitis in pregnant women? Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(17):e33596. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000033596.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhangu A. RIFT study group on behalf of the west midlands research collaborative. Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2020;107(1):73–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11440.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bolívar-Rodríguez MA, Osuna-Wong BA, Calderón-Alvarado AB, Matus-Rojas J, Dehesa-López E, Peraza-Garay FJ. Análisis comparativo de escalas diagnósticas de apendicitis aguda: alvarado, RIPASA y AIR. Cir Cir. 2019;86(2):169–74. https://doi.org/10.24875/CIRU.M18000029.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chisthi MM, Surendran A, Narayanan JT. RIPASA and air scoring systems are superior to alvarado scoring in acute appendicitis: diagnostic accuracy study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020;24(59):138–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.029.PMID:33024555;PMCID:PMC7527659.

Article  Google Scholar 

de Castro SM, Ünlü C, Steller EP, van Wagensveld BA, Vrouenraets BC. Evaluation of the appendicitis inflammatory response score for patients with acute appendicitis. World J Surg. 2012;36(7):1540–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1521-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elshakhs S, Abdelsamie M, Fareed A, Abuomar MH. Reliability of the adult appendicitis score in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Menoufia Med J. 2019;32:544–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fagan PVB, Stanfield B, Korduke O, Henderson N, Kodeda K. Validation of the appendicitis inflammatory response score in a provincial population. Int Surg J. 2020;7(11):3540–5. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20204655.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gan DEY, Nik Mahmood NRK, Chuah JA, Hayati F. Performance and diagnostic accuracy of scoring systems in adult patients with suspected appendicitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2023;408(1):267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-023-02991-5. (PMID: 37410251).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gopalam PR, Saila Suman Konidala MV. Comparison of acute inflammatory score and Alvarado score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis at a tertiary care hospital. Int Surg J. 2017;4(12):4034–8. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175405.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gudjonsdottir J, Marklund E, Hagander L, Salö M. Clinical prediction scores for pediatric appendicitis. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2021;31(3):252–60. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710534. (Epub 2020 May 26 PMID: 32455443).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gudjonsdottir J, Andersson RE. Validation of clinical prediction scores for pediatric appendicitis: update with new cut-off values for the AIR score. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2023;33(2):176–7. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1932-8468. (Epub 2022 Aug 29 PMID: 36037844).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hassan M, Jeilani M, Saad AA, Iqbal S, Boshnaq M. Evaluation of Alvarado score and appendicitis inflammatory response score as diagnostic tools for acute appendicitis. Int Surg J. 2022;9(12):1937–42. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20223152.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jose T, Rajesh PS. Appendicitis inflammatory response score in comparison to Alvarado score in acute appendicitis. Surg J (N Y). 2021;7(3):e127–31.