Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ganesh K, Stadler ZK, Cercek A, Mendelsohn RB, Shia J, Segal NH, Diaz LA Jr. Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: rationale, challenges and potential. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16(6):361–75.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gustavsson B, Carlsson G, Machover D, Petrelli N, Roth A, Schmoll HJ, ... Gibson F. A review of the evolution of systemic chemotherapy in the management of colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2015;14(1):1–10.

Van der Jeught K, Xu HC, Li YJ, Lu XB, Ji G. Drug resistance and new therapies in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(34):3834.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yin K, Xia X, Rui K, Wang T, Wang S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: a new and pivotal player in colorectal cancer progression. Front Oncol. 2020;10:610104.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Galon J, Costes A, Sanchez-Cabo F, Kirilovsky A, Mlecnik B, Lagorce-Pagès C, ... Pagès F. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science. 2006;313(5795):1960–1964.

Eriksen AC, Sørensen FB, Lindebjerg J, Hager H, Christensen RD, Kjær-Frifeldt S, Hansen TF. The prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in stage II colon cancer. A nationwide population-based study Translational Oncology. 2018;11(4):979–87.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dahlin AM, Henriksson ML, Van Guelpen B, Stenling R, Öberg Å, Rutegård J, Palmqvist R. Colorectal cancer prognosis depends on T-cell infiltration and molecular characteristics of the tumor. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(5):671–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang B, Wang Z, Wu L, Zhang M, Li W, Ding J, ... Zhao K. Circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with colorectal carcinoma. PloS ONE. 2013;28(2):e57114.

Sieminska I, Baran J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1526.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Apodaca MC, Wright AE, Riggins AM, Harris WP, Yeung RS, Yu L, Morishima C. Characterization of a whole blood assay for quantifying myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7:1–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, Till B, Gao Q. Chemotherapeutic agent-mediated elimination of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6(7):e1331807.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vincent J, Mignot G, Chalmin F, Ladoire S, Bruchard M, Chevriaux A, ... Ghiringhelli F. (2010). 5-Fluorouracil selectively kills tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells resulting in enhanced T cell–dependent antitumor immunity. Cancer Res. 2010;70(8):3052–3061.

Limagne E, Euvrard R, Thibaudin M, Rébé C, Derangère V, Chevriaux A, ... Ghiringhelli F. Accumulation of MDSC and Th17 cells in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer predicts the efficacy of a FOLFOX–bevacizumab drug treatment regimen MDSC and Th17 in FOLFOX–bevacizumab–treated mCRC patients. Cancer Res. 2016;76(18):5241–5252.

Lakemeyer L, Sander S, Wittau M, Henne-Bruns D, Kornmann M, Lemke J. Diagnostic and prognostic value of CEA and CA19-9 in colorectal cancer. Diseases. 2021;9(1):21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Syahruddin E, Wulandari L, Sri Muktiati N, Rima A, Soeroso N, Ermayanti S, ... & Utomo ARH. Uncommon EGFR mutations in cytological specimens of 1,874 newly diagnosed Indonesian lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer: Targets Ther. 2018;25–34. https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S154116.

Anitei MG, Zeitoun G, Mlecnik B, Marliot F, Haicheur N, Todosi AM, ... Pages F. Prognostic and predictive values of the immunoscore in patients with rectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(7):1891–1899.

Cassetta L, Bruderek K, Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Osiecka O, Hu X, Rundgren IM, ... Brandau S. Differential expansion of circulating human MDSC subsets in patients with cancer, infection and inflammation. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001223.

Ma P, Beatty PL, McKolanis J, Brand R, Schoen RE, Finn OJ. Circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that accumulate in premalignancy share phenotypic and functional characteristics with MDSC in cancer. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1401.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lang, S., Bruderek, K., Kaspar, C., Höing, B., Kanaan, O., Dominas, N., ... & Brandau, S. Clinical relevance and suppressive capacity of human myeloid-derived suppressor cell subsets. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(19):4834–4844.

Sun HL, Zhou X, Xue YF, Wang K, Shen YF, Mao JJ, ... & Miao ZN. Increased frequency and clinical significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human colorectal carcinoma. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2012;18(25):3303.

Siemińska, I., Węglarczyk, K., Walczak, M., Czerwińska, A., Pach, R., Rubinkiewicz, M., ... & Baran, J. Mo-MDSCs are pivotal players in colorectal cancer and may be associated with tumor recurrence after surgery. Transl Oncol. 2022;17:101346.

Ménard C, Martin F, Apetoh L, Bouyer F, Ghiringhelli F. Cancer chemotherapy: not only a direct cytotoxic effect, but also an adjuvant for antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008;57:1579–87.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu K, Lu C. 5-Fluorouracil suppresses colon tumor through activating the p53-fas pathway to sensitize myeloid-derived suppressor cells to FasL+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Cancers. 2023;15(5):1563.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim NR, Kim YJ. Oxaliplatin regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppression via downregulation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. Cancer Med. 2019;8(1):276–88.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Wigcheren GF, De Haas N, Mulder TA, Horrevorts SK, Bloemendal M, Hins-Debree S, ... De Vries IJM. Cisplatin inhibits frequency and suppressive activity of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients. Oncoimmunology. 2021;10(1):1935557.

Kwong TT, Wong CH, Zhou JY, Cheng ASL, Sung JJY, Chan AWH, Chan SL. Chemotherapy-induced recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells abrogates efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. JHEP Reports. 2021;3(2):100224.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lindau D, Gielen P, Kroesen M, Wesseling P, Adema GJ. The immunosuppressive tumour network: myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells and natural killer T cells. Immunology. 2013;138(2):105–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang Y, Li C, Liu T, Dai X, Bazhin AV. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumors: from mechanisms to antigen specificity and microenvironmental regulation. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1371.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dysthe M, Parihar R. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor Microenvironment: Hematopoietic Cells–Part A. 2020;117–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_8.

Bronte V, Brandau S, Chen SH, Colombo MP, Frey AB, Greten TF, ... Gabrilovich DI. Recommendations for myeloid-derived suppressor cell nomenclature and characterization standards. Nature Commun. 2016;7(1):12150.

Condamine T, Dominguez GA, Youn JI, Kossenkov AV, Mony S, Alicea-Torres K, ... Gabrilovich DI. Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor-1 distinguishes population of human polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients. Science Immunol. 2016;1(2):aaf8943-aaf8943.

Aldulaymi B, Christensen IJ, Sölétormos G, Jess P, Nielsen SE, Brünner N, Nielsen HJ. Changes in soluble CEA and TIMP-1 levels during adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer. Anticancer Res. 2010;30(1):233–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohtsukasa S, Okabe S, Yamashita H, Iwai T, Sugihara K. Increased expression of CEA and MHC class I in colorectal cancer cell lines exposed to chemotherapy drugs. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2003;129:719–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar