Clostridium species cause rapidly progressing anaerobic infections of bone and soft tissue, such as gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis, driven by exotoxins and enzymes that induce tissue necrosis and gas formation [1]. These infections, frequently associated with trauma, surgical procedures, or immunocompromise, can lead to systemic toxicity, sepsis, and shock, and require urgent intervention [2]. Despite advancements in medical care, Clostridium infections remain challenging owing to the risks of amputation, multi-organ failure, and death. The production of toxins by these bacteria under anaerobic conditions contributes to tissue and development of systemic illnesses [1,3].

The global increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has led to significant challenges in the treatment of clostridial infections, particularly those associated with trauma and surgical procedures. AMR represents a critical threat to effective therapeutic strategies and underscores the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Clostridium species associated with post-traumatic infections [4].

The presence of Clostridium species in clinical settings, particularly in trauma hospitals, underscores the critical necessity to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles to inform effective treatment strategies. Trauma hospitals, characterized by a high prevalence of open wounds, frequent surgical interventions, and immunocompromised patients, provide an optimal environment for the proliferation of Clostridium species infections [5].

Historically, infections caused by Clostridium species have been managed with surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. Nevertheless, the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance among these isolates has significantly complicated treatment regimens, potentially leading to elevated morbidity [6].

The present study aims to examine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Clostridium clinical isolates obtained from a trauma hospital in Costa Rica. By characterizing the resistance patterns of these isolates, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium species in trauma-related infections.