Yoshino M, Kuhlmann MK, Kotanko P, Greenwood RN, Pisoni RL, Port FK, Jager KJ, Homel P, Augustijn H, de Charro FT, Collart F, Erek E, Finne P, Garcia-Garcia G, Grönhagen-Riska C, Ioannidis GA, Ivis F, Leivestad T, Løkkegaard H, Lopot F, Jin DC, Kramar R, Nakao T, Nandakumar M, Ramirez S, van der Sande FM, Schön S, Simpson K, Walker RG, Zaluska W, Levin NW (2006) International differences in dialysis mortality reflect background general population atherosclerotic cardiovascular mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol 17(12):3510–3519. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2006020156. (Epub 2006 Nov 15 PMID: 17108318)
Allon M (2007) Current management of vascular access. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2(4):786–800. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.00860207. (Epub 2007 May 30 PMID: 17699495)
Niyyar VD, Chan MR (2013) Interventional nephrology: catheter dysfunction–prevention and troubleshooting. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 8(7):1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.00960113. (PMID: 23824200)
Ravani P, Palmer SC, Oliver MJ, Quinn RR, MacRae JM, Tai DJ, Pannu NI, Thomas C, Hemmelgarn BR, Craig JC, Manns B, Tonelli M, Strippoli GF (2013) James MT 2013 associations between hemodialysis access type and clinical outcomes: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 3:465–73. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2012070643
Oliver MJ, Callery SM, Thorpe KE, Schwab SJ, Churchill DN (2000) Risk of bacteremia from temporary hemodialysis catheters by site of insertion and duration of use: a prospective study. Kidney Int 58(6):2543–2545. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00439.x. (PMID: 11115089)
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Miller LM, Clark E, Dipchand C, Hiremath S, Kappel J, Kiaii M, Canadian Society of Nephrology Vascular Access Work Group et al (2016) Hemodialysis tunneled catheter-related infections. Can J Kidney Health Dis. https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358116669129
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fisher M, Golestaneh L, Allon M, Abreo K, Mokrzycki MH (2020) Prevention of bloodstream infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 15(1):132–151. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.06820619
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Almeida BM, Moreno DH, Vasconcelos V, Cacione DG (2022) Interventions for treating catheter-related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD013554. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013554
Arechabala MC, Catoni MI, Claro JC, Rojas NP, Rubio ME, Calvo MA, Letelier LM (2018) Antimicrobial lock solutions for preventing catheter-related infections in haemodialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4(4):CD010597. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010597.pub2
Abdul Salim S, Masoud AT, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Soliman KM, Garla V, Sofy AA, Ahmed AS, Abdelsattar AT, Zsom L, Tapolyai M, Fülöp T (2021) Systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic and antimicrobial lock solutions for prevention of hemodialysis catheter-related infections. ASAIO J 67(10):1079–1086. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000001382. (PMID: 33587469)
Tchokhonelidze I (2023) Global dialysis perspective: georgia. Kidney360 4(1):106–109. https://doi.org/10.3467/KID.0000772022
Dialysis Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Union of Georgia. Available at: https://dntunion.ge/en/ (Accessed 29. March 2024).
El-Hennawy AS, Frolova E, Pollack E (2017) First time sodium bicarbonate catheter lock solution is found to be a safe and effective lock method in preventing hemodialysis catheter loss due to lumen clot formation. J Clin Nephrol Res 4:1078–1082
El-Hennawy AS, Frolova E, Romney WA (2019) Sodium bicarbonate catheter lock solution reduces hemodialysis catheter loss due to catheter-related thrombosis and bloodstream infection: an open-label clinical trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 34(10):1739–1745. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy388
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wong DW, Mishkin FS, Tanaka TT (1980) The effects of bicarbonate on blood coagulation. JAMA 244(1):61–62 (PMID: 7382058)
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Farha MA, French S, Stokes JM, Brown ED (2018) Bicarbonate alters bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics by targeting the proton motive force. ACS Infect Dis 4(3):382–390. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00194. (Epub 2018 Jan 4 PMID: 29264917)
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:Dialysis Safety Core Interventions, 2016. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/dialysis/ prevention-tools/core-interventions.html. Accessed January 3, 2022
Lacson E Jr, Wang W, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM (2010) Change in vascular access and hospitalization risk in long-term hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5(11):1996–2003. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.08961209
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Krishnasami Z, Carlton D, Bimbo L, Taylor ME, Balkovetz DF, Barker J et al (2002) Management of hemodialysis catheter-related bacteremia with an adjunctive antibiotic lock solution. Kidney Int 61(3):1136–1142. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00201.x
Landry DL, Braden GL, Gobeille SL, Haessler SD, Vaidya CK, Sweet SJ (2010) Emergence of gentamicin-resistant bacteremia in hemodialysis patients receiving gentamicin lock catheter prophylaxis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5(10):1799–1804. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.01270210
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
US Food and Drug Administration. Warning on Tricitrasol Dialysis; Catheter Anticoagulant. FDATalk paper (Apr) 16, 14April 2000
Polaschegg HD, Sodemann K (2003) Risks related to catheter locking solutions containing concentrated citrate. Nephrol Dial Transplant 18(12):2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfg481. (PMID: 14605312)
Moran J, Sun S, Khababa I, Pedan A, Doss S, Schiller B (2012) A randomized trial comparing gentamicin/citrate and heparin locks for central venous catheters in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 59:102–107
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Moore CL, Besarab A, Ajluni M, Soi V, Peterson EL, Johnson LE et al (2014) Comparative effectiveness of two catheter locking solutions to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:1232–1239
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lok CE, Huber TS, Lee T, Shenoy S, Yevzlin AS, Abreo K, National Kidney Foundation et al (2020) KDOQI clinical practice guideline for vascular access: 2019 update. Am J Kidney Dis. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.001
Islam M (2024) Sodium bicarbonate is a potential alternative to classic heparin as a lock solution for non-tunneled dialysis catheters: a result from the prospective randomized BicarbLock trial. Int Urol Nephrol 56(4):1465–1474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03821-9. (Epub 2023 Oct 12 PMID: 37823971)
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Parikh S, Nijmeh R, Van Cleef S, Timmerman S, Bhatt UY, Agarwal AK (2012) Catheter outcomes in the short-term inpatient setting: a controlled quality improvement study comparing citrate and heparin lock. Semin Dial 25(3):351–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139X.2011.00966.x. (Epub 2011 Nov 10 PMID: 22074231)
Davenport A, Tolwani A (2009) Citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients with acute kidney injury admitted to the intensive care unit. NDT Plus 6:439–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndtplus/sfp136
Wathanavasin W, Phannajit J, Poosoonthornsri M, Lewsuwan S, Tanateerapong P, Chongthanakorn K, Takkavatakarn K, Katavetin P, Tiranathanagul K, Eiam-Ong S, Susantitaphong P (2021) A randomized controlled trial of comparative efficacy between sodium bicarbonate and heparin as a locking solution for tunneled central venous catheters among patients requiring maintenance hemodialysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis 30(8):20543581211046076. https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581211046077.PMID:34616559;PMCID:PMC8488503
Comments (0)