Dental Patient-Reported Outcomes (dPROs) are patient-provided information regarding treatment outcomes and oral health-related quality of life. However, considering the sensitive health information collected during the implementation of dPROs, it is important to study the relevant ethical aspects. Hence, this review synthesized the current evidence to explain and critically evaluate the key ethical issues associated with dPROs use in various patient populations.

A narrative review approach was employed to analyse ethical challenges reported in the literature concerning the use and implementation of dPROs across various population groups. Relevant literature from 2005 to 2024 was sourced using databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Four key ethical issues were identified: 1) acquiring Informed Consent, 2) maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality, 3) addressing the disparities in Equity of Access to oral care, and 4) upholding Cultural Sensitivity in diverse communities.

This study offered insights into the application of the identified four key ethical issues within diverse populations. Additionally, the study provides constructive recommendations for the ethical implementation of dPROs in various patient populations. Ethical challenges related to less-researched populations, various other ethical aspects, and emerging ethical issues were also explored.

Future research should focus on refining informed consent processes for vulnerable populations and strengthening data privacy. Additionally, the development of culturally adapted dPRO tools could enhance communication and improve patient satisfaction and patient experience. Addressing these concerns is crucial for ensuring the ethical deployment of dPROs while safeguarding patient rights and welfare.