Hoveidaei AH, Nakhostin-Ansari A, Heckmann ND, Hosseini-Asl SH, Khonji MS, Razi M et al (2024) Increasing burden of lower-extremity fractures in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): a 30-year epidemiological analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 106(5):414–424

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu Q, Wang Q, Sun X, Liu J, Zhao G, Yu P (2025) Use of controlled nail dynamization technique for femoral shaft hypertrophic nonunion. Front Surg 12:1547793

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Metwaly RG, Younis AS (2023) Augmentation plate without bone graft in the management of distal tibial diaphyseal non-union. Injury 54(11):111057

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Andra Fonseca M, Cordeiro Matias AG, de Lours Freitas Gomes M, Almeida Matos M (2019) Impact of lower limb fractures on the quality of life. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 21(1):33–40

Article  Google Scholar 

Berni M, Brancato AM, Torriani C, Bina V, Annunziata S, Cornella E et al (2023) The role of low-level laser therapy in bone healing: systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087094

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Searle HKC, Lewis SR, Coyle C, Welch M, Griffin XL (2023) Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3(3):Cd008579

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Timón R, González-Custodio A, Gusi N, Olcina G (2024) Effects of intermittent hypoxia and whole-body vibration training on health-related outcomes in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 36(1):6

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen B, Lin T, Yang X, Li Y, Xie D, Zheng W et al (2016) Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration promotes the adhesion and the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a hydroxyapatite-coated surface: the direct role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation. Int J Mol Med 38(5):1531–1540

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siriphan N, Leethanakul C, Thongudomporn U (2019) Effects of two frequencies of vibration on the maxillary canine distalization rate and RANKL and OPG secretion: a randomized controlled trial. Orthod Craniofac Res 22(2):131–138

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weinheimer-Haus EM, Judex S, Ennis WJ, Koh TJ (2014) Low-intensity vibration improves angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic mice. PLoS One 9(3):e91355

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sakai Y, Morita Y, Kawai K, Fukuhara J, Ito T, Yamazaki K et al (2024) Targeted vibratory therapy as a treatment for proprioceptive dysfunction: clinical trial in older patients with chronic low back pain. PLoS One 19(7):e0306898

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Palanisamy P, Alam M, Li S, Chow SKH, Zheng YP (2022) Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation for bone fractures healing: a review. J Ultrasound Med 41(3):547–563

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kalaoğlu E, Faruk Bucak Ö, Kökçe M, Özkan M, Çetin M, Atasoy M et al (2023) High-frequency whole-body vibration activates tonic vibration reflex. Turkish J Phys Med Rehabil 69(1):46–51

Article  Google Scholar 

Vierck CJ, Whitsel BL, Favorov OV, Brown AW, Tommerdahl M (2013) Role of primary somatosensory cortex in the coding of pain. Pain 154(3):334–344

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lau RW, Liao LR, Yu F, Teo T, Chung RC, Pang MY (2011) The effects of whole body vibration therapy on bone mineral density and leg muscle strength in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 25(11):975–988

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Navarrete S, Solar C, Tapia R, Pereira J, Fuentes E, Palomo I (2023) Pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis. Clin Exp Med 23(3):645–654

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fisher JS, Kazam JJ, Fufa D, Bartolotta RJ (2019) Radiologic evaluation of fracture healing. Skeletal Radiol 48(3):349–361

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hollis S, Campbell F (1999) What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ 319(7211):670–674

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tripepi G, Chesnaye NC, Dekker FW, Zoccali C, Jager KJ (2020) Intention to treat and per protocol analysis in clinical trials. Nephrol (Carlton) 25(7):513–517

Article  Google Scholar 

Horner D, Goodacre S, Pandor A, Nokes T, Keenan J, Hunt B et al (2020) Thromboprophylaxis in lower limb immobilisation after injury (TiLLI). Emerg Med J 37(1):36–41

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Niccolini G, Manuello A, Capone A, Marongiu G, Dell’Osa AH, Fois A et al (2020) Possible assessment of calf venous pump efficiency by computational fluid dynamics approach. Front Physiol 11:1003

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim KA, Choi SY, Kim R (2021) Endovascular treatment for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: an overview. Korean J Radiol 22(6):931–943

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Madhavan G, Stewart JM, McLeod KJ (2006) Cardiovascular systemic regulation by plantar surface stimulation. Biomed Instrum Technol 40(1):78–84

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Betik AC, Parker L, Kaur G, Wadley GD, Keske MA (2021) Whole-body vibration stimulates microvascular blood flow in skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 53(2):375–383

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schulman S, Makatsariya A, Khizroeva J, Bitsadze V, Kapanadze D (2024) The basic principles of pathophysiology of venous thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111447

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ghazalian F, Hakemi L, Pourkazemi L, Akhoond M (2014) Effects of whole-body vibration training on fibrinolytic and coagulative factors in healthy young men. J Res Med Sci 19(10):982–986

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sá-Caputo DC, Taiar R, Boyer FC, Rapin A, Bernardo-Filho M (2024) Editorial: the physiological effects of vibration therapy in health and disease. Front Physiol 15:1381145

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Augat P, Hollensteiner M, von Rüden C (2021) The role of mechanical stimulation in the enhancement of bone healing. Injury 52(Suppl 2):S78-s83

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Item F, Nocito A, Thöny S, Bächler T, Boutellier U, Wenger RH et al (2013) Combined whole-body vibration, resistance exercise, and sustained vascular occlusion increases PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA abundances. Eur J Appl Physiol 113(4):1081–1090

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saribal D, Hocaoglu-Emre FS, Erdogan S, Bahtiyar N, Caglar Okur S, Mert M (2019) Inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 30(5):1025–1031

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ni S, Shan F, Geng J (2022) Interleukin-10 family members: biology and role in the bone and joint diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 108:108881

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Collado PS, Almar M, Martinez-Florez S, de Paz JA et al (2015) Whole-body vibration improves the anti-inflammatory status in elderly subjects through toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling pathways. Mech Ageing Dev 150:12–19

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masud AA, Shen CL, Luk HY, Chyu MC (2022) Impact of local vibration training on neuromuscular activity, muscle cell, and muscle strength: a review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 50(1):1–17

Article  PubMed