Volume 19, Issue 3, March 2026, Pages 435-438Author links open overlay panelYusuke Nakashima MD †, Shigeki Kobayashi MD, PhD †, Maho Ishikawa MD, Miho Fujita MD, Junya Nawata MD, PhD, Shohei Fujii MD, PhD, Yoshihide Nakamura MD, PhD, Hironori Ishiguchi MD, PhD, Kazuyoshi Suga MD, PhD, Reo Kawano PhD, Motoaki Sano MD, PhDShow moreAccess through your organization

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This work was funded by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education in Japan (Grant 23592256 to Dr Kobayashi). The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

The authors attest they are in compliance with human studies committees and animal welfare regulations of the authors’ institutions and Food and Drug Administration guidelines, including patient consent where appropriate. For more information, visit the Author Center.†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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© 2026 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.