Volume 19, Issue 3, March 2026, Pages 429-431Author links open overlay panelYinzhu Chen MD ‡, Xinyi Luo MD ‡, Yuelong Yang MD, Jiehao Ou MBBS, Liqi Cao MD, Xiahui Tian MD, Ying Ying Bao MD, Liwen Li MD, Shuang Xia MD, Hui Liu MDShow moreAccess through your organization

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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82371903 to Dr Liu), Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project (grant number 2023B110009), Guangzhou Clinical High-tech, Major, and Distinctive Technology Projects (grant number 2023P-TS43 to Dr Liu), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (grant number 2024A1515012087 to Dr Liu), Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (grant number 2025A04J4778 to Dr Yang), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis Application (grant number 2022B1212010011). Dr Yang has received grant support from Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou. Dr Liu has received grant support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82371903), Guangzhou Clinical High-tech, Major, and Distinctive Technology Projects (grant number 2023P-TS43), and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (grant number 2024A1515012087). All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

The authors attest they are in compliance with human studies committees and animal welfare regulations of the authors’ institutions and Food and Drug Administration guidelines, including patient consent where appropriate. For more information, visit the Author Center.‡

These authors contributed equally to this work as first authors.

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© 2026 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.