Ansari-Lari MA, Westra WH (2003) The prevalence and significance of clinically unsuspected neoplasms in cervical lymph nodes. Head Neck 25:841–847
León X, Sancho FJ, García J, Sañudo JR, Orús C, Quer M (2005) Incidence and significance of clinically unsuspected thyroid tissue in lymph nodes found during neck dissection in head and neck carcinoma patients. Laryngoscope 115:470–474
Chuang YC, Kuo YJ, Hang JF (2025) Intranodal thyroid inclusions revisited: a morphological analysis and application of BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry. Histopathology 86:878–890
Schilling C, Collins L, Farrow A, McGurk M, Bisase B, Kerawala C, Wan S, Hall G, Thavaraj S (2024) Incidental thyroid tissue in sentinel nodes from oral squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 134:1278–1281
Frantz VK, Forsythe R, Hanford JM, Rogers WM (1942) Lateral aberrant thyroids. Ann Surg 115:161–183
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Triantafyllou A, Williams MD, Angelos P, Shah JP, Westra WH, Hunt JL, Devaney KO, Rinaldo A, Slootweg PJ, Gnepp DR, Silver C, Ferlito A (2016) Incidental findings of thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes: old controversy not yet resolved? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273:2867–2875
Butler JJ, Tulinius H, Ibanez ML, Ballantyne AJ, Clark RL (1967) Significance of thyroid tissue in lymph nodes associated with carcinoma of the head, neck or lung. Cancer 20:103–112
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Sampson RJ, Oka H, Key CR, Buncher CR, Iijima S (1970) Metastases from occult thyroid carcinoma. An autopsy study from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Cancer 25:803–811
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kakudo K, Shan L, Nakamura Y, Inoue D, Koshiyama H, Sato H (1998) Clonal analysis helps to differentiate aberrant thyroid tissue from thyroid carcinoma. Hum Pathol 29:187–190
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Otsubo C, Mussazhanova Z, Kurohama H, Shalgimbayeva G, Ueki N, Matsuoka Y, Madiyeva M, Sato S, Yamashita H, Nakashima M (2022) A new indicator to differentiate thyroid follicular inclusions in cervical lymph nodes from patients with thyroid cancer. Int J Mol Sci 24(1):490
Lin DM, Javidiparsijani S, Vardouniotis A, Buckingham L, Reddy SB, Gattuso P (2018) Ectopic thyroid tissue: Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 26:734–739
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Meyer JS, Steinberg LS (1969) Microscopically benign thyroid follicles in cervical lymph nodes. Serial section study of lymph node inclusions and entire thyroid gland in 5 cases. Cancer 24:302–311
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Gerard-Marchant R, Caillou B (1981) Thyroid inclusions in cervical lymph nodes. Clin Endocrinol Metab 10:337–349
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Holmes BJ, Wenig BM, Stelow EB, Hernandez-Prera JC (2023) Heterotopia-associated carcinoma. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Head and Neck Tumours, 5th edn. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (France)
Gijsen AF, De Bruijn KMJ, Mastboom W (2022) Thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes, not always malignant. Clin Case Rep 10:e6261
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hutsebaut L, Van Den Heede K, Meert V, Brusselaers N, Van Slycke S (2021) Ectopic thyroid tissue in lateral cervical lymph nodes: a case report. Eur J Med Case Rep 5:325–329
Nicastri AD, Foote FW Jr., Frazell EL (1965) Benign thyroid inclusions in cervical lymph nodes. JAMA 194:1–4
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kung WK, Chu KM, Fung KFK, Cheung TYE (2024) Radiologically detected intranodal thyroid tissues in ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes after hemithyroidectomy in a pediatric patient. Radiol Case Rep 19:2710–2713
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee YJ, Kim DW, Park HK, Ha TK, Kim DH, Jung SJ, Bae SK (2015) Benign intranodal thyroid tissue mimicking nodal metastasis in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report. Head Neck 37:E106–E108
Kang YN, Cha JG (2023) Benign intranodal thyroid tissue similar to nodal metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma: a rare case report. Diagnostics 13:577
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rivera JP, Hang JF (2025) Next-generation immunohistochemistry in thyroid neoplasm: a practical review on the applications in diagnosis and molecular classification. Endocr Pathol 36:8
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Gao Y, Bado I, Wang H, Zhang W, Rosen JM, Zhang XH (2019) Metastasis organotropism: redefining the congenial soil. Dev Cell 49:375–391
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Ringel MD, Sosa JA, Baloch Z, Bischoff L, Bloom G, Brent GA, Brock PL, Chou R, Flavell RR, Goldner W, Grubbs EG, Haymart M, Larson SM, Leung AM, Osborne J, Ridge JA, Robinson B, Steward DL, Tufano RP, Wirth LJ (2025) 2025 American thyroid association management guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 35:841–985
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Nixon IJ, Coca-Pelaz A, Kaleva AI, Triantafyllou A, Angelos P, Owen RP, Rinaldo A, Shaha AR, Silver CE, Ferlito A (2017) Metastasis to the thyroid gland: a critical review. Ann Surg Oncol 24:1533–1539
Ghossein CA, Khimraj A, Dogan S, Xu B (2021) Metastasis to the thyroid gland: a single-institution 16-year experience. Histopathology 78:508–519
Hegerova L, Griebeler ML, Reynolds JP, Henry MR, Gharib H (2015) Metastasis to the thyroid gland: report of a large series from the Mayo Clinic. Am J Clin Oncol 38:338–342
Chung AY, Tran TB, Brumund KT, Weisman RA, Bouvet M (2012) Metastases to the thyroid: a review of the literature from the last decade. Thyroid 22(3):258–268
Nakhjavani MK, Gharib H, Goellner JR, Heerden JA (1997) Metastasis to the thyroid gland. Cancer 79:574–578
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Rahman M, Okada AR, Guan K, Tauchi-Nishi P (2017) Metastatic neoplasms to the thyroid diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration/core needle biopsy: clinicopathologic and cytomorphologic correlation. Cytojournal 14:16
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Stergianos S, Juhlin CC, Zedenius J, Calissendorff J, Falhammar H (2021) Metastasis to the thyroid gland: characterization and survival of an institutional series spanning 28 years. Eur J Surg Oncol 47:1364–1369
Heffess CS, Wenig BM, Thompson LD (2002) Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 36 cases. Cancer 95:1869–1878
Garneau M, Alyzadneh E, Lal G, Rajan Kd A (2023) Metastatic disease to a concurrent thyroid neoplasm: a case series and review of the literature. Head Neck Pathol 17:447–459
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Okafor A, Chaves de Oliveira J, Choudhury MS, Samantray J (2025) Non-thyroid malignancies with metastases to the thyroid gland: a case series and review of the literature. Cureus 17:e98454
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nguyen M, He G, Lam AK (2022) Clinicopathological and molecular features of secondary cancer (metastasis) to the thyroid and advances in management. Int J Mol Sci 23:3242
Comments (0)