Table 1. Outcome of additional treatment after ER

ER, endoscopic resection; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; high-risk patients, submucosa cancer with lymphovascular invasion; low-risk patients; muscularis mucosa cancer with lymphovascular invasion or submucosa cancer without lymphovascular invasion; NA, not assessed.

Based on ref. 43

Table 2. Incidence of metastasis with regard to invasion depth and lymphovascular invasion27

SM, submucosa; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; MM, muscularis mucosa; VMX, residual tumor in the vertical margin cannot be assessed.

Adapted from Ishihara, et al. Dig Endosc 2025 Jul 6 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.1111/den.15082, with permission.27

Table 3. Risk factors of metastasis

M, mucosal cancer; SM, submucosal cancer; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.