Fig. 1. Flow diagram illustrating the article selection process for the systematic review and meta-analysis. GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; CLN, colonoscopy.

Fig. 2. Forest plot depicting the meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs) for inadequate bowel preparation in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists users vs. non-users. CI, confidence interval.

Fig. 3. Forest plot depicting the meta-analysis of adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for inadequate bowel preparation in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists users vs. non-users. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

Fig. 4. Forest plot showing the meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs) for repeat colonoscopy in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist users vs. non-users. CI, confidence interval.

Fig. 5. Forest plot showing the meta-analysis of mean differences in Boston bowel preparation scale scores between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist users and non-users. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

Graphical abstract