Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma: the 3d English Edition [Secondary Publication]. J Anus Rectum Colon. 2019;3:175–95.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ito S, Takahashi A, Ueno H, Takiguchi S, Kajiwara Y, Kakeji Y et al. Annual report on National Clinical Database 2021 for gastroenterological surgery in Japan. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2025;9:32–59.

Guillou PJ, Quirke P, Thorpe H, Walker J, Jayne DG, Smith AM, et al. Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;365:1718–26.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Veldkamp R, Kuhry E, Hop WC, Jeekel J, Kazemier G, Bonjer HJ, et al. Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:477–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bagshaw PF, Allardyce RA, Frampton CM, Frizelle FA, Hewett PJ, McMurrick PJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of the australasian randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and conventional open surgical treatments for colon cancer: the Australasian Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Study trial. Ann Surg. 2012;256:915–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Green BL, Marshall HC, Collinson F, Quirke P, Guillou P, Jayne DG, et al. Long-term follow-up of the Medical Research Council CLASICC trial of conventional versus laparoscopically assisted resection in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2013;100:75–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamauchi S, Shiomi A, Matsuda C, Takemasa I, Hanai T, Uemura M, et al. Robotic-assisted colectomy for right-sided colon cancer: Short-term surgical outcomes of a multi-institutional prospective cohort study in Japan. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2023;7:932–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Numata M, Watanabe J, Ishibe A, Ozawa M, Suwa Y, Kazama K, et al. Surgical outcomes of a prospective, phase 2 trial of robotic surgery for resectable right-sided colon cancer (the ROBOCOLO trial). Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2024;8:80–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Escal L, Nougaret S, Guiu B, Bertrand MM, de Forges H, Tetreau R, et al. MRI-based score to predict surgical difficulty in patients with rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2018;105:140–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu A, Li Y, Zhang H, Hu G, Zhao Y, Guo J, et al. Development and validation of a preoperative nomogram for predicting the surgical difficulty of laparoscopic colectomy for right colon cancer: a retrospective analysis. Int J Surg. 2023;109:870–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akagi T, Endo H, Inomata M, Yamamoto H, Mori T, Kojima K, et al. Clinical impact of Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) by Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery (JSES) for laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and low anterior resection based on the National Clinical Database (NCD) registry. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2020;4:721–34.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240:205–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

James D, Brierley MKG, Wittekind C. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 8th edition. Wiley, New York. 2016.

Watanabe J, Tatsumi K, Ota M, Suwa Y, Suzuki S, Watanabe A, et al. The impact of visceral obesity on surgical outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29:343–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohira G, Hayano K, Imanishi S, Tochigi T, Isozaki T, Kurata Y, et al. Preoperative evaluation of vascular anatomy of right colic vessels using enhanced computed tomographic colonography. Jpn J Radiol. 2022;40:607–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuritzkes BA, Pappou EP, Kiran RP, Baser O, Fan L, Guo X, et al. Visceral fat area, not body mass index, predicts postoperative 30-day morbidity in patients undergoing colon resection for cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018;33:1019–28.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shiomi A, Kinugasa Y, Yamaguchi T, Kagawa H, Yamakawa Y. Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for lower rectal cancer: the impact of visceral obesity on surgical outcomes. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2016;31:1701–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Obara N, Yamaguchi S, Okada Y. A Study of the Right Colonic Vascular Anatomy: Correlations between Veins and Arteries. J Anus Rectum Colon. 2021;5:306–12.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Spinoglio G, Bianchi PP, Marano A, Priora F, Lenti LM, Ravazzoni F, et al. Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Right Colectomy with Complete Mesocolic Excision for the Treatment of Colon Cancer: Perioperative Outcomes and 5-Year Survival in a Consecutive Series of 202 Patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018;25:3580–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mégevand JL, Amboldi M, Lillo E, Lenisa L, Ganio E, Ambrosi A, et al. Right colectomy: consecutive 100 patients treated with laparoscopic and robotic technique for malignancy. Cumulative experience in a single centre. Updates Surg. 2019;71:151–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tian Y, Xiong D, Xu M, Fan Q, Zheng H, Shen H, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision: a retrospective multicenter study with propensity score matching. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1187476.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clarke EM, Rahme J, Larach T, Rajkomar A, Jain A, Hiscock R, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective cohort study of the Binational Colorectal Cancer Database. J Robot Surg. 2022;16:927–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lujan HJ, Plasencia G, Rivera BX, Molano A, Fagenson A, Jane LA, et al. Advantages of Robotic Right Colectomy With Intracorporeal Anastomosis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2018;28:36–41.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sakuraba S, Nishiko M, Yamasaki S, Nakamura K, Koido K, Oshima T, et al. Comparison of Robot-Assisted and Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy for Right-Sided Colon Cancer: A Report on the Short-Term Perioperative Outcomes Using Propensity Score Matching. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2025;18:e70097.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casillas MA Jr., Leichtle SW, Wahl WL, Lampman RM, Welch KB, Wellock T, et al. Improved perioperative and short-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional laparoscopic colorectal operations. Am J Surg. 2014;208:33–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Merola G, Sciuto A, Pirozzi F, Andreuccetti J, Pignata G, Corcione F, et al. Is robotic right colectomy economically sustainable? a multicentre retrospective comparative study and cost analysis. Surg Endosc. 2020;34:4041–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fukuda T, Numata M, Harada T, Izukawa S, Atsumi Y, Kazama K, et al. Comprehensive revenue comparison of pure robotic vs. hybrid robotic surgery for sigmoid colon and rectosigmoid cancer. Surg Today. 2025;55:1935–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng J, Zhao S, Chen W, Zhang M, Wu J. Comparison of robotic right colectomy and laparoscopic right colectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 2023;27:521–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu QL, Xu X, Pan ZJ. Comparison of clinical efficacy of robotic right colectomy and laparoscopic right colectomy for right colon tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med (Baltim). 2021;100:e27002.

Article  Google Scholar 

de’Angelis N, Piccoli M, Casoni Pattacini G, Winter DC, Carcoforo P, Celentano V, et al. Right Colectomy with Intracorporeal Anastomosis: A European Multicenter Propensity Score Matching Retrospective Study of Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Procedures. World J Surg. 2023;47:2039–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tei M, Suzuki Y, Ohtsuka M, Yoshikawa Y, Sueda T, Imasato M, et al. Vascular variants in laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy with central vascular ligation for right colon cancer. Surg Today. 2022;52:1414–22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He Z, Yang C, Diao D, Wu D, Fingerhut A, Sun Y, et al. Anatomic patterns and clinical significance of gastrocolic trunk of Henlé in laparoscopic right colectomy for colon cancer: Results of the HeLaRC trial. Int J Surg. 2022;104:106718.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang T, Sun Y, Mao W. Meta–analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in minimally invasive right hemicolectomy: upgrading the level of evidence. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023;38:147.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gómez Ruiz M, Espin-Basany E, Spinelli A, Cagigas Fernández C, Bollo Rodriguez J, María Enriquez Navascués J, et al. Early outcomes from the Minimally Invasive Right Colectomy Anastomosis study (MIRCAST). Br J Surg. 2023;110:1153–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central