Castillo, J.T., Ramírez, M.G., Carbonell, A., and López, M.G., Factores que afectan el estado nutricional del adulto mayor, Rev. Latinoam. Hipertens., 2018, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 360–366.

Google Scholar 

Kim, H. and Son, H., Fatigue-related factors for community-dwelling older adults with diabetes: A theory-guided multi-dimensional approach using the dynamic biopsychosocial model, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2019, vol. 16, no. 22, p. 4502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224502

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dhillon, R.J. and Hasni, S., Pathogenesis and management of sarcopenia, Clin. Geriatr. Med., 2017, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2016.08.002

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Youn, J.-E., Kwon, Y.-J., Lee, Y.-J., Heo, S.-J., and Lee, J.-W., Association of Mediterranean, high-quality, and anti-inflammatory diet with dementia in UK Biobank cohort, J. Nutr. Health Aging, 2025, vol. 29, no. 7, p. 100564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100564

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang, J., Luo, J., Tian, X., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., and Wu, X., Progress in understanding oxidative stress, aging, and aging-related diseases, Antioxidants, 2024, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040394

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cai, Y.W., Gao, J.W., Wu, M.X., Xie, Y.X., You, S., Liao, G.H., Chen, Z.T., Liu, P.M., Wang, J.F., Chen, Y.X., and Zhang, H.F., Adherence to EAT-Lancet diet, biological aging, and life expectancy in the UK Biobank: A cohort study, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2025, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.030

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mensah, E.O., Danyo, E.K., and Asase, R.V., Exploring the effect of different diet types on ageing and age-related diseases, Nutrition, 2025, vol. 129, no. 112596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112596

Freedman, A. and Nicolle, J., Social isolation and loneliness: The new geriatric giants: Approach for primary care, Can. Fam. Physician, 2020, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 176–182. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8302356/.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bond, L., Carroll, R., Mulryan, N., O’Dwyer, M., O’Connell, J., Monaghan, R., Sheerin, F., McCallion, P., and McCarron, M., Biopsychosocial factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults with intellectual disability: Results of the wave 3 intellectual disability supplement to the Irish longitudinal study on ageing, J. Intellect. Disabil. Res., 2020, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12724

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

von Elm, E., Altman, D.G., Egger, M., Pocock, S.J., Gotzsche, P.C., and Vandenbroucke, J.P., The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies, Int. J. Surg., 2014, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1495–1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

INEC, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos – Fascículos Cantonales, 2022. https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/fasciculos-cantonales/. Accessed June 5, 2024.

Aguirre, C., Bonilla, D.A., Almendra-Pegueros, R., Pérez-López, A., Gamero, A., Santos Duarte Ju-nior, M.A.D., Peterman-Rocha, F., Lozano-Lorca, M., Camacho-Lopez, S., Kammar-García, A., and Durán Agüero, S., Evaluación de la ingesta alimentaria: Una reflexión que nos acerque al futuro, Rev. Esp. Nutr. Hum. Diet., 2021, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 266–268. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.3.1433

Article  Google Scholar 

Zapata, M.E., Moratal, I.L., and López, L.B., Calidad de la dieta según el Índice de Alimentación Saludable: Análisis en la población adulta de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina, Diaeta, 2020, vol. 38, no. 170, p. 8–15.

Google Scholar 

López, M.D.R., Índices de calidad de la dieta en Iberoamérica. Patrones alimentarios, Arch. Latinoam. Nutr., 2015, vol. 65 (Suplemento 1). https://www.alanrevista.org/ediciones/2015/suplemento-1/art-75/.

Torres, H.M.L., Sepúlveda, Y.L., Aguilar, J.L.V., and Pérez, R.H., Factores psicosociales que inciden en la depresión del adulto mayor, Medimay, 2015, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 65–74. https://revcmhabana.sld.cu/index.php/rcmh/article/view/707.

Fernández Brañas, S., Almuiña Güemes, M., Alonso Chil, O., and Blanco Mesa, B., Factores psicosociales presentes en la tercera edad, Rev. Cubana. Hig. Epidemiol., 2001, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 77–81.

Google Scholar 

Candelaria, A.J., Sánchez, A.M., Noguez, C.P., Nolasco, B.L., and Estrada, E.A.C., Influencia de autoeficacia general y el sentido de vida, en estado nutricional del adulto mayor, Rev. Enf. Neurol., 2020, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 74–80. https://doi.org/10.51422/ren.v19i2.309

Article  Google Scholar 

Schwingshackl, L., Bogensberger, B., and Hoffmann, G., Diet quality as assessed by the healthy eating index, alternate healthy eating index, dietary approaches to stop hypertension score, and health outcomes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, J. Acad. Nutr. Diet., 2018, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 74–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.024

Corish, C.A. and Bardon, L.A., Malnutrition in older adults: Screening and determinants, Proc. Nutr. Soc., 2019, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 372–379. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665118002628

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bruins, M.J., Van Dael, P., and Eggersdorfer, M., The role of nutrients in reducing the risk for noncommunicable diseases during aging, Nutrients, 2019, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010085

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Souza Fernandes, D.P., Duarte, M.S.L., Pessoa, M.C., Franceschini, S.d.C.C., and Ribeiro, A.Q., Evaluation of diet quality of the elderly and associated factors, Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 2017, vol. 72, pp. 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.05.006

Article  Google Scholar 

Loredo-Figueroa, M., Gallegos-Torres, R., Xeque-Morales, A., Palomé-Vega, G., and Juárez-Lira, A., Nivel de dependencia, autocuidado y calidad de vida del adulto mayor, Enferm. Univ., 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reu.2016.05.002

Article  Google Scholar 

Meza-Valderrama, D., Marco, E., Dávalos-Yerovi, V., Muns, M.D., Tejero-Sánchez, M., Duarte, E., and Sánchez-Rodríguez, D., Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and cachexia: Adapting definitions and terminology of nutritional disorders in older people with cancer, Nutrients, 2021, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030761

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xie, L., Shen, Y., Wu, Y., and Yang, H., The impact of retirement on mental health, Int. J. Health Planning Management, 2021, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1697–1713. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3240

Article  Google Scholar 

Besora-Moreno, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., and Solà, R., Social and economic factors and malnutrition or the risk of malnutrition in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, Nutrients, 2020, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030737

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee, H.J. and Lee, D.K., Do sociodemographic factors and urban green space affect mental health outcomes among the urban elderly population?, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2019, vol. 16, no. 5, p. 789. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050789

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vilaplana, M., Nutrición y Envejecimiento: Patología Asociada, Offarm, 2010, pp. 72–76.