Grothey A, Van Cutsem E, Sobrero A, Siena S, Falcone A, Ychou M, et al. Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9863):303–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61900-X.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mayer RJ, Van Cutsem E, Falcone A, Yoshino T, Garcia-Carbonero R, Mizunuma N, et al. Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(20):1909–19. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414325.
Leite LF, Noronha MM, de Menezes JSA, da Conceicao LD, Almeida LFC, Cappellaro AP, et al. Anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: identifying, tracking, and overcoming resistance. Cancers (Basel). 2025;17(17):2804. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17172804.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Parseghian CM, Loree JM, Morris VK, Pereira AAL, Sanchez EV, Kee BK, et al. Anti-EGFR-resistant clones decay exponentially after progression: implications for anti-EGFR rechallenge. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(2):243–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy509.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sartore-Bianchi A, Pietrantonio F, Lonardi S, Mussolin B, Rua F, Crisafulli G, et al. Circulating tumor DNA to guide rechallenge with panitumumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase 2 CHRONOS trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(8):1612–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01886-0.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fukuda K, Osumi H, Yoshinami Y, Ooki A, Takashima A, Wakatsuki T, et al. Efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor antibody rechallenge in RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional observational study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2024;150(7):369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-024-05893-1.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sgouros J, Eliades A, Papadopoulou K, Korfiatis N, Papamichael D, Fountzilas E, et al. Anti-EGFR re-challenge with chemotherapy in RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer (A-REPEAT study): efficacy and correlations with tissue and plasma genotyping. ESMO Gastrointest Oncol. 2025;7:100120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmogo.2024.100120.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ciardiello D, Martini G, Boscolo Bielo L, Pietrantonio F, Raimondi A, Manca P, et al. Cetuximab rechallenge in molecularly selected metastatic colorectal cancer: the randomized CAVE-2 GOIM trial. Ann Oncol. 2026;37(5):675–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2025.12.014.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ciraci P, Germani MM, Pietrantonio F, Manca P, Lonardi S, Busico A, et al. Re-treatment with panitumumab followed by regorafenib versus the reverse sequence in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients with RAS and BRAF wild-type circulating tumor DNA: the PARERE study by GONO. Ann Oncol. 2026;37(1):79–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2025.10.002.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nakajima H, Kotani D, Bando H, Kato T, Oki E, Shinozaki E, et al. REMARRY and PURSUIT trials: liquid biopsy-guided rechallenge with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy with panitumumab plus irinotecan for patients with plasma RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:674. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08395-2.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kagawa Y, Taniguchi H, Kotani D, Hashimoto T, Bando H, Hamaguchi T, et al. Longitudinal ctDNA monitoring and prediction of anti-EGFR rechallenge outcomes in RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): The REMARRY & PURSUIT trials. J Clin Oncol. 2025;43(16suppl):3514. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2025.43.16_suppl.3514.
Ciardiello D, Boscolo Bielo L, Pietrantonio F, Martini G, Troiani T, Martinelli E, et al. Comprehensive genomic profiling by liquid biopsy in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients who are candidate for anti-EGFR rechallenge therapy: findings from the CAVE-2 GOIM trial. ESMO Open. 2025;10:105491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.105491.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Napolitano S, Ciardiello D, De Falco V, Martini G, Martinelli E, Della Corte CM, et al. Panitumumab plus trifluridine/tipiracil as anti-EGFR rechallenge therapy in patients with refractory RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: overall survival and subgroup analysis of the randomized phase II VELO trial. Int J Cancer. 2023;153(8):1520–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34632.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen CT, Liang YH, Lin BR, Chen KH, Yeh KH. Combination of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies plus trifluridine-tipiracil as rechallenge strategy improves treatment outcomes in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2025;15(7):3142–9. https://doi.org/10.62347/MHBC7658.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yee EJ, McCarter MD, Vogel JD, Schulick RD, Lieu C, Lentz RW. From Early Detection To Advanced Therapies: How Circulating Tumor DNA Is Transforming the Care of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2025;27(12):1464–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01725-8.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ciardiello D, Mauri G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Siena S, Zampino MG, Fazio N, et al. The role of anti-EGFR rechallenge in metastatic colorectal cancer, from available data to future developments: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2024;124:102683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102683.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dasari A, Lonardi S, Garcia-Carbonero R, Elez E, Yoshino T, Sobrero A, et al. Fruquintinib versus placebo in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (FRESCO-2): an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2023;402(10395):41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00772-9.
Comments (0)