DeFronzo RA, Davidson JA, del Prato S. The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis: a new path towards normalizing glycaemia. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14:5–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01511.x.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fitchett D, Inzucchi SE, Cannon CP, McGuire DK, Scirica BM, Johansen OE, et al. Empagliflozin reduced mortality and hospitalization for heart failure across the spectrum of cardiovascular risk in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Circulation. 2019;139:1384–95. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037778.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
ICS | Overactive Bladder n.d. https://www.ics.org/committees/standardisation/terminologydiscussions/overactivebladder. Accessed 21 June 2024.
Puckrein G, Walker D, Xu L, Congdon P, Gooch K. The prevalence and forecast prevalence of overactive bladder in the Medicare population. Clin Med Insights Urol. 2019;12:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179561119847464.
Qudah S, Abufaraj M, Farah R, Almazeedi A, Ababneh A, Alnabulsi M, et al. The prevalence of overactive bladder and its impact on the quality of life: a cross-sectional study. Arab J Urol. 2024;22:39–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2023.2221403.
Krepostman N, Kramer H. Lower urinary tract symptoms should be queried when initiating sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Kidney360. 2021;2:751–4. https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000472021.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tarcan T, Mangır N, Özgür MÖ, Akbal C. OAB-V8 Aşırı Aktif Mesane Sorgulama Formu Validasyon Çalışması. Üroloji Bülteni 2012:113–6.
Chilelli NC, Bax G, Bonaldo G, Ragazzi E, Iafrate M, Zattoni F, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in males with Type 2 Diabetes recently treated with SGLT2 inhibitors—overlooked and overwhelming? A retrospective case series. Endocrine. 2018;59:690–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1301-x.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tanaka H, Takano K, Iijima H, Kubo H, Maruyama N, Hashimoto T, et al. Factors affecting Canagliflozin-induced transient urine volume increase in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Ther. 2017;34:436–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-016-0457-8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Coyne K, Revicki D, Hunt T, Corey R, Stewart W, Bentkover J, et al. Psychometric validation of an overactive bladder symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire: the OAB-q. Qual Life Res. 2002;11:563–74. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016370925601.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Matza LS, Thompson CL, Krasnow J, Brewster-Jordan J, Zyczynski T, Coyne KS. Test-retest reliability of four questionnaires for patients with overactive bladder: the overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-q), patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC), urgency questionnaire (UQ), and the primary OAB symptom questionnaire (POSQ). Neurourol Urodyn. 2005;24:215–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.20110.
Ozaki AF, Ko DT, Chong A, Fang J, Atzema CL, Austin PC, et al. Prescribing patterns and factors associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor prescribing in patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CMAJ Open. 2023;11:E494-503. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20220039.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shikuma J, Ito R, Sasaki-Shima J, Teshima A, Hara K, Takahashi T, et al. Changes in overactive bladder symptoms after SGLT2 inhibitor administration in type 2 diabetes. Pract Diabetes. 2018;35:47–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.2160.
Celenay ST, Secer E, Karaaslan Y, Korkut Z, Kaya DO. Responsiveness, minimal detectable change, and minimal clinically important difference of the Turkish version of the 8-item overactive bladder questionnaire. Int Urogynecol J. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-025-06514-2.
Lawrence JM, Lukacz ES, Liu ILA, Nager CW, Luber KM. Pelvic floor disorders, diabetes, and obesity in women: findings from the Kaiser Permanente continence associated risk epidemiology study. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2536–41. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0262.
Liu RT, Chung MS, Lee WC, Chang SW, Huang ST, Yang KD, et al. Prevalence of overactive bladder and associated risk factors in 1359 patients with type 2 diabetes. Urology. 2011;78:1040–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2011.05.017.
Kandeel M. The outcomes of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) on diabetes-associated neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.926717.
Saijo Y, Okada H, Hata S, Nakajima H, Kitagawa N, Okamura T, et al. Reasons for discontinuing treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes in real-world settings: The KAMOGAWA-A study. J Clin Med. 2023;12:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12226993.
Custódio JS, Roriz-Filho J, Cavalcanti CAJ, Martins A, Salles JEN. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors in older adults: Scientific evidence and practical aspects. Drugs Aging. 2020;37:399–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-020-00757-y.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wang X, Yu Q, Michel MC. Editorial: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder: New members of metabolic syndrome. Front Urol. 2023;3:1–3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fruro.2023.1272592.
Egan KB. The epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with lower urinary tract symptoms: Prevalence and incident rates. Urol Clin North Am. 2016;43:289–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.001.
Yasui A, Lee G, Hirase T, Kaneko T, Kaspers S, Von Eynatten M, et al. Empagliflozin induces transient diuresis without changing long-term overall fluid balance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9:863–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-018-0385-5.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sha S, Devineni D, Ghosh A, Polidori D, Hompesch M, Arnolds S, et al. Pharmacodynamic effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, from a randomized study in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105638.
Heise T, Seewaldt-Becker E, Macha S, Hantel S, Pinnetti S, Seman L, et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following 4 weeks’ treatment with empagliflozin once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15:613–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12073.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ansary TM, Nakano D, Nishiyama A. Diuretic effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and their influence on the renin-angiotensin system. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030629.
Ishibashi F, Kosaka A, Tavakoli M. Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitor protects against diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy in modestly controlled type 2 diabetes: follow-up study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.864332.
Ito H, Watanabe E, Tanaka M, Matsumoto S, Inoue H, Antoku S, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of overactive bladder in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2026;26:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.70312.
Roth BJ, Gill BC, Khooblall P, Vallabhaneni S, Bole R, Bajic P. Associations between Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitors and urologic diseases: implications for lower urinary tract symptoms from a multi-state health system analysis. Urology. 2024;192:119–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2024.06.036.
Qian Z, Song J, Jones A, Tao B, Xiao B, Labban M, et al. SGLT2 inhibitor and urinary tract infection in men at risk for voiding dysfunction: a VigiBase analysis. Urol Pract. 2025;12:131–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000698.
Kawahara T, Toda M, Kanagawa M, Toyama N, Suzuki G, Kawahara C, et al. Differential effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on liver function and nocturia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2025;18:2611–22. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S547088.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Erdogan BR, Liu G, Arioglu-Inan E, Michel MC. Established and emerging treatments for diabetes-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2022;395:887–906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-022-02249-9.
Comments (0)