Association between serum vitamins and sex hormone levels in adolescent males: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Bangalore Krishna K, Witchel SF (2024) Normal puberty. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 53:183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2024.01.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Willemars MMA, Nabben M, Verdonschot JAJ, Hoes MF (2022) Evaluation of the interaction of sex hormones and cardiovascular function and health. Curr Heart Fail Rep 19:200–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-022-00555-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Xu Y (2019) Mechanisms for sex differences in energy homeostasis. J Mol Endocrinol 62:R129–R143. https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-18-0165

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mason KA, Schoelwer MJ, Rogol AD (2020) Androgens during Infancy, Childhood, and adolescence: physiology and use in clinical practice. Endocr Rev 41. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa003

Liu X, Lin L, Cai Q, Li C, Xu H, Zeng R, Zhang M, Qiu X, Chen S, Zhang X, Huang L, Liang W, He J (2023) Do testosterone and sex hormone-binding Globulin affect cancer risk? A Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics study. Aging Male 26:2261524. https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2023.2261524

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu K, Fu Y, Cao B, Zhao M (2022) Association of sex hormones and sex Hormone-Binding Globulin levels with bone mineral density in adolescents aged 12–19 years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:891217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.891217

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hess RA, Cooke PS (2018) Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective. Biol Reprod 99:27–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioy043

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tariq H, Zahid N, Amir D, Ashraf M, Aftab MA, Yousaf S, Rehman R (2021) Estimation of folic acid/micro nutrients levels; does it reflect sperm parameters. Int J Clin Pract 75:e13790. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13790

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saylam B, Cayan S (2020) Do antioxidants improve serum sex hormones and total motile sperm count in idiopathic infertile men? Turk J Urol 46:442–448. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2020.20296

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen C, Zhai H, Cheng J, Weng P, Chen Y, Li Q, Wang C, Xia F, Wang N, Lu Y (2019) Causal link between vitamin D and total testosterone in men: A Mendelian randomization analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104:3148–3156. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01874

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu C, Liu K, Yao W, Tang D (2025) Associations between the intake of single and multiple dietary vitamins and depression risk among populations with chronic kidney disease. Front Nutr 12:1492829. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1492829

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Available from: www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/?CDC_AAref_Val=www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm

NHANES 2003–2004 (2004) Laboratory Methods. Available from: wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/labmethods.aspx?Cycle=2003-

Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, Lu Y, De-Regil LM, Rogers L, Danaei G, Li G, White RA, Flaxman SR, Oehrle SP, Finucane MM, Guerrero R, Bhutta ZA, Then-Paulino A, Fawzi W, Black RE, Ezzati M (2015) Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys. Lancet Glob Health 3:e528–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00039-X

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Brzezinski M, Jankowska A, Metelska P, Slominska-Fraczek M, Socha P (2017) Long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient obese children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme (a double-blind placebo-controlled study) - rationale for the study design. BMC Pediatr 17:97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0851-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cashman KD, Dowling KG, Skrabakova Z, Gonzalez-Gross M, Valtuena J, De Henauw S, Moreno L, Damsgaard CT, Michaelsen KF, Molgaard C, Jorde R, Grimnes G, Moschonis G, Mavrogianni C, Manios Y, Thamm M, Mensink GB, Rabenberg M, Busch MA, Cox L, Meadows S, Goldberg G, Prentice A, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Pilz S, Swart KM, van Schoor NM, Lips P, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Cotch MF, Koskinen S, Lamberg-Allardt C, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Sempos CT, Kiely M (2016) Vitamin D deficiency in europe: pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr 103:1033–1044. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120873

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Traber MG (2014) Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: causes and consequences. Adv Nutr 5:503–514. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.114.006254

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pravst I, Lavrisa Z, Hribar M, Hristov H, Kvarantan N, Seljak BK, Gregoric M, Blaznik U, Gregoric N, Zaletel K, Oblak A, Osredkar J, Zmitek K, Kusar A (2021) Dietary intake of folate and assessment of the folate deficiency prevalence in Slovenia using serum biomarkers. Nutrients 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113860

Cuffe K, Stauffer W, Painter J, Shetty S, Montour J, Zhou W, Centers for Disease C, Prevention (2014) Update: vitamin B12 deficiency among Bhutanese refugees resettling in the united States, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63:607

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mokhtari E, Mirzaei S, Asadi A, Akhlaghi M, Saneei P (2022) Association between plant-based diets and metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Sci Rep 12:13772. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17969-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Kuang L, Huang H, Chen W, Fu X, Wu Y, Li T, Zhang J, Yuan L, Hu H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Hu F, Sun X, Hu D (2023) Development of an interpretable machine learning model associated with heavy metals’ exposure to identify coronary heart disease among US adults via SHAP: findings of the US NHANES from 2003 to 2018. Chemosphere 311:137039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137039

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tao C, Fan Y, Niu R, Li Z, Qian H, Yu H, Xu Q, Xu Q, Lu C (2021) Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sex hormones in children and adolescents: evidence from NHANES. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 216:112215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112215

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao H, Gui W, Liu S, Zhao F, Fan W, Jing F, Sun C (2024) Ultra-processed foods intake and sex hormone levels among children and adolescents aged 6–19 years: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 11:1451481. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1451481

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Team TRC (2025) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available from: https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/fullrefman.pdf

Package ‘tableone’ (2025). Available from: https://ccran.r-project.org/web/packages/tableone/tableone.pdf

Package ‘survey’ (2025). Available from: https://ccran.r-project.org/web/packages/survey/survey.pdf

Liu Q, Peng X, Gu Y, Shang X, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zuo L, Mei G, Xiong C, Li H, Kong X (2021) Associations between smoking, sex hormone levels and late-onset hypogonadism in men differ depending on age. Aging 13:5226–5237. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202442

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Package ‘bkmr’ (2025). Available from: https://ccran.r-project.org/web//packages/bkmr/bkmr.pdf

Zhang L, Xu Y, Li X, Yang F, Wang C, Yu C (2024) Multivitamin consumption and childhood asthma: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES database. BMC Pediatr 24:84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04540-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kihal A, Rodriguez-Prado M, Godoy C, Cristofol C, Calsamiglia S (2020) In vitro assessment of the capacity of certain Mycotoxin binders to adsorb some amino acids and water-soluble vitamins. J Dairy Sci 103:3125–3132. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17561

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sobczynska-Malefora A, Harrington DJ (2018) Laboratory assessment of folate (vitamin B(9)) status. J Clin Pathol 71:949–956. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205048

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shulpekova Y, Nechaev V, Kardasheva S, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Bueverova E, Kopylov A, Malsagova K, Dlamini JC, Ivashkin V (2021) The concept of folic acid in health and disease. Molecules 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123731

Ly L, Chan D, Aarabi M, Landry M, Behan NA, MacFarlane AJ, Trasler J (2017) Intergenerational impact of paternal lifetime exposures to both folic acid deficiency and supplementation on reproductive outcomes and imprinted gene methylation. Mol Hum Reprod 23:461–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gax029

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif