The temporal stem is a critical structure within the brain, connecting the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes via various fiber tracts. This study aims to evaluate the use of photogrammetry surface scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tractography in presenting the layered anatomy of the fibers comprising the temporal stem.

This study aimed to clearly present the layered anatomy of the fibers comprising the temporal stem through photogrammetry surface scanning methods and MRI-based tractography studies.

Three body donor-based brain dissections were documented with photogrammetry surface scanning and compared with MRI-based diffusion tensor imaging tractography. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models were created using both techniques to visualize the layered fiber architecture of the temporal stem. Tractography data were processed using DSI Studio software based on population-averaged white matter templates from open-access databases.

Seven photorealistic 3D models were generated through photogrammetry, complemented by detailed coronal sections of an MRI-based 3D tractography model. These models revealed the anatomical organization of critical fiber tracts, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, anterior commissure, and Meyer's loop of the optic radiation.

The temporal stem is a crucial anatomical region comprising important white matter tracts. Their layered anatomical course can be clearly demonstrated by stratigraphical dissections and surface scanning methods, as well as augmented with 3D segmentation of MRI data. White matter dissection perfectly fits photogrammetry, permitting stratification and creating a truly interactive experience, allowing a more precise 3D representation of individual fibers, their orientation, and position, surpassing the limitations of 2D representations of anatomy.

All authors have read and approved the manuscript, including the revisions. The data collection was carried out by T.S., M.T., M.W-V., F.C., and J.F.C. The data analysis was done by all authors. The 3D DTI segmentations were done by M.M. based on the HCP1065 population-averaged tractography atlas. The manuscript was written mainly by F.C., T.S., M.T., J.F.C., and V.N., and revised by all authors.

Received: 21 February 2025

Accepted: 02 April 2026

Accepted Manuscript online:
07 April 2026

Article published online:
07 July 2026

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