Bouma BE, de Boer JF, Huang D, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Nat Reviews Methods Primers. 2022;2(1):79–79.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang F, Gordon BA, Ryman DC, et al. Cerebral amyloidosis associated with cognitive decline in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2015;85(9):790–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254(5035):1178–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fujimoto J, Swanson E. The Development, Commercialization, and Impact of Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):OCT1–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arevalo JF, Lasave AF, Arias JD. Clinical applications of optical coherence tomography in the posterior pole: the 2011 José Manuel Espino Lecture - Part I. 2013:2165–79.

Basic and Clinical Science Course: 4 | Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Minakaran N, de Carvalho ER, Petzold A, Wong SH. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neuro-ophthalmology. Eye. 2021;35(1):17–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miki A, Kumoi M, Usui S. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Segmentation Errors in the Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell Complex in Spectral-domain. Opt Coherence Tomography Images. 2017;26(11):995–1000.

Google Scholar 

Bayer A. Artifacts and Anatomic Variations in Optical Coherence Tomography. Turkish J Ophthalmol. 2020;50:99–106.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chhablani J, Krishnan T, Sethi V, Kozak I. Artifacts in optical coherence tomography. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2014;28(2):81–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ghasemi Falavarjani K, Al-Sheikh M, Akil H, Sadda SR. Image artefacts in swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(5):LP564–568.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hood DC, Raza AS, Gustavo C, Moraes VD, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Glaucomatous damage of the macula. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013;32:1–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Donaldson L, Margolin E. Visual fields and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neuro-ophthalmology: Structure-function correlation. J Neurol Sci. 2021;429(June):118064–118064.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Donaldson L, Margolin E. Rapid development of optic disc edema secondary to topical retinoid cream. Can J Neurol Sci. 2021;48(6):882–3.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banc A, Biousse V, Newman NJ, Kedar S. Ocular optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of sellar and parasellar masses: a review. Neurosurgery. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002186.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dreher AW, Reiter K, Weinreb RN. Spatially resolved birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer assessed with a retinal laser ellipsometer. Appl Opt. 1992;31(19):3730–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keller J, Sánchez-Dalmau BF, Villoslada P. Lesions in the posterior visual pathway promote trans-synaptic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5):e97444.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goto K, Miki A, Yamashita T, Araki S. Sectoral analysis of the retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and its association with visual field loss in homonymous hemianopia caused by post-geniculate lesions using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. 2016:745–56.

Xie JS, Donaldson L, Margolin E. The use of optical coherence tomography in neurology: a review. Brain. 2022;145(12):4160–77.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moon Y, Lee BJ, Kim H, Lim YM, Lee EJ. Quantitative analysis of retrograde trans-synaptic retinal degeneration based on lesion topography. J Neuroophthalmol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0000000000002414.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murphy OC, Sotirchos ES, Kalaitzidis G, et al. Trans-Synaptic Degeneration Following Acute Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2023;93(1):76–87.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biousse V, Danesh-Meyer HV, Saindane AM, Lamirel C, Newman NJ. Imaging of the optic nerve: technological advances and future prospects. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(12):1135–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banc A, Kedar S. Interpretation of the Visual Field in Neuro–ophthalmic Disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2024;24(3):67–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen T, You Y, Arunachalam S, et al. Differing Structural and Functional Patterns of Optic Nerve Damage in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(3):445–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vabanesi M, Pisa M, Guerrieri S, et al. In vivo structural and functional assessment of optic nerve damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):10371.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

The clinical profile of optic neuritis. Experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Optic Neuritis Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109(12):1673–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Petzold A, Balcer LJ, Calabresi PA, et al. Retinal layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(10):797–812.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(9):921–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gabilondo I, Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Fraga-Pumar E, et al. Dynamics of retinal injury after acute optic neuritis. Ann Neurol. 2015;77(3):517–28.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Britze J, Pihl-Jensen G, Frederiksen JL. Retinal ganglion cell analysis in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2017;264(9):1837–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Montalban X, Lebrun-Frenay C, Oh J, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(10):850–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saidha S, Syc SB, Durbin MK, et al. Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Mult Scler. 2011;17(12):1449–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bsteh G, Hegen H, Teuchner B, et al. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer as measured by optical coherence tomography is a prognostic biomarker not only for physical but also for cognitive disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2019;25(2):196–203.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bsteh G, Berek K, Hegen H, et al. Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thinning as a biomarker of disability progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2021;27(5):684–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Knier B, Leppenetier G, Wetzlmair C, et al. Association of retinal architecture, intrathecal immunity, and clinical course in multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(7):847–56.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lambe J, Fitzgerald KC, Murphy OC, et al. Association of Spectral-Domain OCT With Long-term Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology. 2021;96(16):e2058–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zimmermann HG, Knier B, Oberwahrenbrock T, et al. Association of Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness With Future Disease Activity in Patients With Clinically Isolated Syndrome. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(9):1071–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central