Sadiq IZ, Abubakar FS, Katsayal BS, Ibrahim B, Adamu A, Usman MA, et al. Stem cells in regenerative medicine: unlocking therapeutic potential through stem cell therapy, 3D bioprinting, gene editing, and drug discovery. Biomed Eng Adv. 2025;9(10):100172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bea.2025.100172.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hussen BM, Taheri M, Yashooa RK, Abdullah GH, Abdullah SR, Kheder RK, et al. Revolutionizing medicine: recent developments and future prospects in stem-cell therapy. Int J Surg. 2024;110(12):8002. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000002109.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Giommetti A, Papanikolaou E. Advancements in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy: A Journey of Progress for Viral Transduction. Cells. 2024;13(12):1039. 10. 3390/CELLS13121039 PubMed PMID: 38920667.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aljagthmi AA, Abdel-Aziz AK. Hematopoietic stem cells: understanding the mechanisms to unleash the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025;16(1):60. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13287-024-04126-Z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei L, Yan W, Shah W, Zhang Z, Wang M, Liu B, et al. Advancements and challenges in stem cell transplantation for regenerative medicine. Heliyon. 2024;10(16):e35836. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E35836.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Storb RHSCT. Historical perspective. The EBMT Handbook: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies. 2018;3–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02278-5_1/FIGURES/1

Acharya S, Shaha S, Bibbey MG, Mukherji M, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S. Stem cell therapies in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med. 2025;10(3):e70000. https://doi.org/10.1002/BTM2.70000.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stem Cell Basics. | STEM Cell Information [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 26]. Available from: https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/stc-basics

Ruffinatto L, Groult Y, Iacono J, Sarrazin S, de Laval B. Hematopoietic stem cell a reservoir of innate immune memory. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1491729. 10.3389/. FIMMU.2024.1491729 PubMed PMID: 39720722.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Han X, Liao R, Li X, Zhang C, Huo S, Qin L, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells in treating human diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025;10(1):262. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02313-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mengistu BA, Demessie Y, Kinde MZ, Getnet K, Bitew AB, Berrie K, et al. Biology of stem cell paradox: a double-edged sword-implications for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int. 2025;25(1):380. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12935-025-03981-X.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kean LS, Blazar BR. Major breakthroughs in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and future challenges in clinical implementation. J Clin Invest. 2024;134(8):e179944. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI179944.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):68. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13287-019-1165-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rosner M, Horer S, Kiss I, Hengstschläger M. Stem cell-based human embryo models: current knowledge and open questions. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025;16(1):471. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13287-025-04581-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee IW, Baek SK, Lee YJ, Kim TS, Seo BG, Hwangbo C, et al. Pluripotent stem cells from the perspective of developmental potential and their characteristics. J Anim Reprod Biotechnol. 2024;39(4):313–22. https://doi.org/10.12750/JARB.39.4.313.

Article  Google Scholar 

Smallbone P, Kebriaei P, Mendt M, Shpall EJ, Olson AL, Fingrut WB. Mesenchymal stem cells in hematology: therapeutic initiatives and future directions. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2025;38(1):101613. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BEHA.2025.101613.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Samundeshwari EL, Kattaru S, Kodavala S, Chandrasekhar C, Sarma PVGK. Differentiation ability of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human peripheral blood. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024;12:1450543. 10.3389/. FCELL.2024.1450543 PubMed PMID: 39744010.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Han X, Liao R, Li X, Zhang C, Huo S, Qin L, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells in treating human diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2025;10(1):262-. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02313-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ball J, Bradley A, Le A, Tisdale JF, Uchida N. Hematopoietic stem cell therapy with gene modification to treat sickle cell disease. Stem Cells Translational Medicine. 2025;14(9):szaf042. https://doi.org/10.1093/STCLTM/SZAF042.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hosseini A, Abdolmaleki A, Nahumi A, Asadi A, Ghanimi HA. Immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering. Arch Razi Inst. 2025;80(2):313. https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.2.313.

Article  Google Scholar 

Iqbal H, Khadija B. The role of stem cells in precision medicine: next-generation cancer treatment. J Egypt Natl Cancer Inst 2025. 2025;37(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1186/S43046-025-00328-5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhou H, Ye P, Xiong W, Duan X, Jing S, He Y, et al. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening in stem cells: theories, applications and challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024;15(1):218. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13287-024-03831-Z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shui B, Hernandez Matias L, Guo Y, Peng Y. The rise of CRISPR/Cas for genome editing in stem cells. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016(1):8140168. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8140168.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Campillo-Marcos I, Alvarez-Errico D, Alandes RA, Mereu E, Esteller M. Single-cell technologies and analyses in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. Exp Hematol. 2021;98:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EXPHEM.2021.05.001.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Melocchi A, Schmittlein B, Sadhu S, Nayak S, Lares A, Uboldi M, et al. Automated manufacturing of cell therapies. J Control Release. 2025;381:113561. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCONREL.2025.02.057.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCorry MC, Reardon KF, Black M, Williams C, Babakhanova G, Halpern JM, et al. Sensor technologies for quality control in engineered tissue manufacturing. Biofabrication. 2022;15(1):10.1088/1758–5090/ac94a1. https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/AC94A1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Burdis R, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication and bioprinting using cellular aggregates, microtissues and organoids for the engineering of musculoskeletal tissues. Acta Biomater. 2021;126:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2021.03.016.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Long J, Huang W, Dai Z, Kuang Q, Jiang Y, Xiao C, et al. Reconstruction of hematopoietic stem cell niches in vitro: cutting-edge strategies and application prospects. Mater Today Bio. 2025;35:102536. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MTBIO.2025.102536.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang X, Wang Y