Jaffar FHF, et al. Adverse effects of Wi-Fi radiation on male reproductive system: a systematic review. J Tohoku J Exp Med. 2019;248(3):169–79. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.248.169.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yadav H, Rai U, Singh RJRT. Radiofrequency radiation: A possible threat to male fertility. J Reprod Toxicol. 2021;100:90–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.007.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Behari J. Biological correlates of low-level electromagnetic-field exposure, general. J Appl Syst Toxicol. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470744307.gat171

Megha K, et al. Microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and inflammation in brain of Fischer rats. (2012). http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/15176

Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway. Environ Toxicol. 2018;33(9):931–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22578.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yi X, et al. Effect of different exercise loads on testicular oxidative stress and reproductive function in obese male mice. J Oxidat Med Cellul Longev. 2020;2020:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3071658.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bilgici B, et al. What is adverse effect of wireless local area network, using 2.45 GHz, on the reproductive system? J Int J Radiat Biol. 2018;94(11):1054–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2018.1503430.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mowa CI. T Expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and-beta mRNAs in the male reproductive system of the rat as revealed by in situ hybridization. J Mol Endocrinol. 2001;26(3):165–74. https://doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0260165.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hess RA, Cooke PS. Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective. J Biol Reprod. 2018;99(1):27–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioy043.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kashyap VK, et al. Withania somnifera: Progress towards a Pharmaceutical Agent for Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3):611. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030611.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Diaz PAR, Ortiz CP, Delgado DR. The crucial role of estrogen/androgen hormones and their receptors in male infertility risk. Central Asian J Med Pharm Sci Innov. 2021;1(1):35–43. https://doi.org/10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.01.06.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gupta V, Srivastava R. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative stress: Role of inflammatory cytokines in regulating male fertility through estrogen receptor alpha in Gallus gallus domesticus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022;629:61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.009.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gandhi OP, Hunt EL, D’Andrea JA. Deposition of electromagnetic energy in animals and in models of man with and without grounding and reflector effects. J Radio Science. 1977;12(6S):39–47. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS012i06Sp00039.

Article  Google Scholar 

Baghel K, Srivastava R. Stress and steroid interaction modulates expression of estrogen receptor alpha in the brain, pituitary, and testes of immature Gallus gallus domesticus. Stress. 2021;24(6):931–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2021.1965119.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saleh B, et al. Testicular morphometry, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves of camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the hot dry season in the Sahelian region of Nigeria. Nigerian J Anim Prod. 2021;48(2):53–62. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i2.2939.

Article  Google Scholar 

Baghel K, et al. Withaferin-A attenuates diabetes mellitus induced male reproductive dysfunction mediated by ERα in brain and testes of Swiss albino mice. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):17625. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44904-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mahajan L, et al. Alteration in thiols homeostasis, protein and lipid peroxidation in renal tissue following subacute oral exposure of imidacloprid and arsenic in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep. 2018;5:1114–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khan A, Kango N, Srivastava R. Impact of Dietary Probiotics on the Immune and Reproductive Physiology of Pubertal Male Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) administered at the Onset of Pre-Puberty. Probiot Antimic Prot. 2024;3:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10209-9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Baghel K, Niranjan MK, Srivastava R. Water and food restriction decreases immunoreactivity of oestrogen receptor alpha and antioxidant activity in testes of sexually mature Coturnix coturnix japonica. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutrit. 2020;104(6):1738–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13394.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Baghel K, Srivastava R. Effect of estrogen and stress on estrogen receptor 1 in the HPG axis of immature male Gallus gallus domesticus: Involvement of anti-oxidant system. J Theriogenology. 2020;155:98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.048.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Almasiova V, et al. The thermal effect of 245 GHz microwave radiation on rat testes. J Acta Veterinaria Brno. 2018;86(4):413–9. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201786040413.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chauhan P, et al. Microwave radiation (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress: Whole-body exposure effect on histopathology of Wistar rats. J Electromag Biol. 2017;36(1):20–30. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2016.1144063.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yan SZ. Ning Tang, Jie Lu, HO Wang, XL Long-term exposure to low intensity microwave radiation affects male reproductivity. J Zhonghua nan ke xue Nat J Androl. 2007;13(4):306–8.

Google Scholar 

Megha K, et al. Effect of low-intensity microwave radiation on monoamine neurotransmitters and their key regulating enzymes in rat brain. J Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015;73(1):93–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-015-0576-x.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hales DB. Interleukin-1 inhibits Leydig cell steroidogenesis primarily by decreasing 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase cytochrome P450 expression. J Endocrinology. 1992;131(5):2165–72. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.131.5.1425417.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khan SA, Nieschlag E. Interleukin-1 inhibits follitropin-induced aromatase activity in immature rat Sertoli cells in vitro. J Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1991;75(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(91)90238-N.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Meena R, et al. Therapeutic approaches of melatonin in microwave radiations-induced oxidative stress-mediated toxicity on male fertility pattern of Wistar rats. J Electromagnetic Biol Med. 2014;33(2):81–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2013.781035.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sepehrimanesh M, et al. Impact of 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure on main male reproductive hormone levels: a Rattus norvegicus model. Int J Biometeorol. 2014;58(7):1657–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-013-0771-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gautam R, et al. Oxidative stress-mediated alterations on sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to 3G mobile phone radiation. J Andrologia. 2019;51(3): e13201. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13201.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sengupta P, et al. Role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the management of male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2018;36(3):311–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.11.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaur T, Kaur G. Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-017-0975-6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kaur T, et al. Withania somnifera as a potential anxiolytic and immunomodulatory agent in acute sleep deprived female Wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2017;427(1):91–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-016-2900-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baghel K, Srivastava R. Photoperiod dependent expression of estrogen receptor alpha in testes of Japanese quail: Involvement of Withania somnifera in apoptosis amelioration. J Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021;534:957–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.064.

Article  CAS