Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, Dokras A, Moran LJ, Piltonen TT, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;189(2):G43-g64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joham AE, Teede HJ, Ranasinha S, Zoungas S, Boyle J. Prevalence of infertility and use of fertility treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: data from a large community-based cohort study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015;24(4):299–307.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

BahriKhomami M, Shorakae S, Hashemi S, Harrison CL, Piltonen TT, Romualdi D, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):5591.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mills G, Badeghiesh A, Suarthana E, Baghlaf H, Dahan MH. Polycystic ovary syndrome as an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a population-based study on 9.1 million pregnancies. Hum Reprod. 2020;35(7):1666–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Azziz R, Carmina E, Chen Z, Dunaif A, Laven JS, Legro RS, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16057.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsuyama S, Whiteside S, Li SY. Implantation and decidualization in PCOS: unraveling the complexities of pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(2).

Jie HY, Zhou X, Zhao MP, Hu M, Mai QY, Zhou CQ. Pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who conceived after single thawed blastocyst transfer: a propensity score-matched study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):718.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steiner N, Ates S, Shaulov T, Shrem G, Volodarsky-Perel A, Dahan SY, et al. A comparison of IVF outcomes transferring a single ideal blastocyst in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal ovulatory controls. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;302(6):1479–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palomba S, Piltonen TT, Giudice LC. Endometrial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Hum Reprod Update. 2021;27(3):584–618.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xue Z, Li J, Feng J, Han H, Zhao J, Zhang J, et al. Research progress on the mechanism between polycystic ovary syndrome and abnormal endometrium. Front Physiol. 2021;12:788772.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Piltonen TT. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Endometrial markers. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:66–79.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen W, Pang Y. Metabolic syndrome and PCOS: pathogenesis and the role of metabolites. Metabolites. 2021;11(12):869.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Luo Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Fan Y, Jiang L, Xu X, et al. Impact of insulin resistance on ovarian sensitivity and pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF. J Clin Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030818.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS, Weickert MO. Mechanisms of insulin resistance at the crossroad of obesity with associated metabolic abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2):546.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang H, He Z, Chen Y, Chao J, Cheng X, Mao J, et al. Cordyceps polysaccharide improves polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibiting gut-derived LPS/TLR4 pathway to attenuates insulin resistance. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;280(Pt 3):135844.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eriksson G, Li C, Sparovec TG, Dekanski A, Torstensson S, Risal S, et al. Single-cell profiling of the human endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Med. 2025;31(6):1925–38.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang C, Yu C, Lin Z, Pan H, Li K, Ma H. Mirnas expression profiling of rat ovaries displaying PCOS with insulin resistance. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;302(5):1205–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang X, Xiaoping W, Nan D, Jian Z, Xiaofeng L, Liwei Y, et al. Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of human endometrium from polycystic ovarian syndrome with and without insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2023;39(1):2173948.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81(1):19–25.

Mayer SB, Evans WS, Nestler JE. Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future. Womens Health (Lond). 2015;11(2):137–49.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ling Y, Du Q. FGF10/FGF17 as prognostic and drug response markers in acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Res Transl Med. 2022;70(1):103316.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holm Nygaard A, Schörling AL, Abay-Nørgaard Z, Hänninen E, Li Y, Ramón Santonja A, et al. Patterning effects of FGF17 and cAMP on generation of dopaminergic progenitors for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Stem Cells. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/stmcls/sxaf004.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen YX, Liu XJ, Yang L, He JJ, Jiang YM, Mai J. Systematic analysis of expression profiles and prognostic significance of the FGF gene family in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2022;24(6):435.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Estienne A, Price CA. The fibroblast growth factor 8 family in the female reproductive tract. Reproduction. 2018;155(1):R53-r62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Azari M, Kafi M, Ebrahimi B, Fatehi R, Jamalzadeh M. Oocyte maturation, embryo development and gene expression following two different methods of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes vitrification. Vet Res Commun. 2017;41(1):49–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iram T, Kern F, Kaur A, Myneni S, Morningstar AR, Shin H, et al. Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17. Nature. 2022;605(7910):509–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schütz LF, Batalha IM. Granulosa cells: central regulators of female fertility. Endocrines. 2024;5(4):547–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tong C, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Y. Insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: association with PI3K signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1091147.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fabi F, Grenier K, Parent S, Adam P, Tardif L, Leblanc V, et al. Regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway during decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177387.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu X, Kim JJ, Li Y, Xie J, Shao C, Wei JJ. Oxidative stress-induced miRNAs modulate AKT signaling and promote cellular senescence in uterine leiomyoma. J Mol Med (Berl). 2018;96(10):1095–106.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roszik J, Ring KL, Wani KM, Lazar AJ, Yemelyanova AV, Soliman PT, et al. Gene expression analysis identifies novel targets for cervical cancer therapy. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2102.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li JY, Li CJ, Lin LT, Tsui KH. Multi-omics analysis identifying key biomarkers in ovarian cancer. Cancer Control. 2020;27(1):1073274820976671.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sutton Hickey AK, Gonzalez IE, Sadagurski M, Rajala M, Lu C, Allison MB, et al. Paraventricular, subparaventricular and periventricular hypothalamic IRS4-expressing neurons are required for normal energy balance. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5546.