Domínguez-Gil B, Ascher N, Capron AM, et al. Expanding controlled donation after the circulatory determination of death: statement from an international collaborative. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47: 265–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06341-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kramer AH, Holliday K, Keenan S, et al. Donation after circulatory determination of death in western Canada: a multicentre study of donor characteristics and critical care practices. Can J Anesth 2020; 67: 521–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01594-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shemie SD, Baker AJ, Knoll G, et al. National recommendations for donation after cardiocirculatory death in Canada. CMAJ 2006; 175: S1–24. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.060895

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shemie SD, Hornby L, Baker A, et al. International guideline development for the determination of death. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40: 788–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3242-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shemie, SD, Wilson LC, Hornby L, et al. A brain-based definition of death and criteria for its determination after arrest of circulation or neurological function in Canada: a 2023 clinical practice guideline. Can J Anesth 2023; 70: 483–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-023-02431-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taylor LJ, Buffington A, Scalea JR, et al. Harms of unsuccessful donation after circulatory death: an exploratory study. Am J Transplant 2018; 18: 402–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.14464

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scalea JR, Redfield RR, Rizzari MD, et al. When do DCD donors die?: outcomes and implications of DCD at a high-volume, single-center OPO in the United States. Ann Surg 2016; 263: 211–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000001298

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weiss MJ, Hornby L, Rochwerg B, et al. Canadian guidelines for controlled pediatric donation after circulatory determination of death—summary report. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017; 18: 1035–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000001320

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernat JL, D’Alessandro AM, Port FK, et al. Report of a national conference on donation after cardiac death. Am J Transplant 2006; 6: 281–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01194.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reich DJ, Mulligan DC, Abt PT, et al. ASTS recommended practice guidelines for controlled donation after cardiac death organ procurement and transplantation. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 2004–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02739.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krmpotic K, Payne C, Isenor C, et al. Delayed referral results in missed opportunities for organ donation after circulatory death. Crit Care Med 2017; 45: 989–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000002432

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scales NB, Herry CL, van Beinum A, et al. Predicting time to death after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures using vital sign variability: derivation and validation. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4: e0675. https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000675

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

NHS Blood and Transplant. Potential donor audit; 2018. Available from URL: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco-assets-corp/14009/annual-pda-report-2017-18.pdf (accessed November 2024).

Munshi L, Dhanani S, Shemie SD, Hornby L, Gore G, Shahin J. Predicting time to death after withdrawal of life sustaining therapy. Intensive Care Med 2015; 41: 1014–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3762-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarti AJ, Sutherland S, Meade M, et al. The experiences of family members of deceased organ donors and suggestions to improve the donation process: a qualitative study. CMAJ 2022 194: E1054–61. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.220508

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zheng K, Sutherland S, Cardinal P, et al. Patient-centred and family-centred care of critically ill patients who are potential organ donors: a qualitative study protocol of family member perspectives. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e037527. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037527

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sarti AJ, Sutherland S, Healey A, et al. A multicenter qualitative investigation of the experiences and perspectives of substitute decision makers who underwent organ donation decisions. Prog Transplant 2018; 28: 343–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1526924818800046

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Creswell JW, Klassen AC, Clark VLP, et al. Best Practices for Mixed Methods Research in the Health Sciences, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2011.

Google Scholar 

Reiger KL. Discriminating among grounded theory approaches. Nurs Inq 2018; 26: e12261. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12261

Article  Google Scholar 

Hoffman SJ, Fredkove WM. Using a constructivist-oriented modified grounded theory approach in the study of intrafamily trauma communication process in war-affected families: a methodologic example. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2023; https://doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000506

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smith M, Dominiguez-Gill B, Greer DM, Manara AR, Souter MJ. Organ donation after circulatory death: current status and future potential. Intensive Care Med 2019 45: 310–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05533-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Merchant SJ, Yoshida EM, Lee TK, et al. Exploring the psychological effects of deceased organ donation on the families of the organ donors. Clin Transplant 2008; 22: 341–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2008.00790.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stouder DB, Schmid A, Ross SS, et al. Family, friends, and faith: how organ donor families heal. Prog Transplant 2009; 19: 358–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/152692480901900412

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Walker W, Sque M. Balancing hope and despair at the end of life: the contribution of organ and tissue donation. J Crit Care 2016; 32: 73–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.11.026

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ortega-Chen C, van Buren N, Kwack J, et al. Palliative extubation: a discussion of practices and considerations. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 66: e219–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.03.011

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Healey A, van Beinum A, Hornby L, et al. Patient engagement in a Canadian consensus forum for heart donation after cardiocirculatory determination of death. Can J Anesth 2020; 67: 1738–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01808-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Waldauf P, Scales N, Shahin J, et al. Machine learning determination of motivators of terminal extubation during the transition to end-of-life care in intensive care unit. Sci Rep 2023 13: 2632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29042-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Downar J, Delaney JW, Hawryluck L, Kenny L. Guidelines for the withdrawal of life-sustaining measures. Intensive Care Med 2016; 42: 1003–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4330-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodríguez-Arias D, Smith MJ, Lazar NM. Donation after circulatory death: burying the dead donor rule. Amer J Bioeth 2011; 11: 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2011.583319

Article  Google Scholar 

Gardiner D, Sparrow R. Not dead yet: controlled non-heart-beating organ donation, consent, and the Dead Donor Rule. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2010; 19: 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0963180109990211

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siminoff LA, Burant C, Younger SJ. Death and organ procurement: public beliefs and attitudes. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2004; 14: 217–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2004.0034

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Skowronski G, O’Leary MJ, Crtichley L, et al. Death, dying and donation: community perceptions of brain death and their relationship to decisions regarding withdrawal of vital organ support and donation. Intern Med J 2020; 50: 1192–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.15028