Christensen RD, Bahr TM, Christensen TR, Ohls RK, Krong J, Carlton LC, et al. Banked term umbilical cord blood to meet the packed red blood cell transfusion needs of extremely-low-gestational-age neonates: a feasibility analysis. J Perinatol. 2024;44:873–9.

Google Scholar 

Bianchi M, Papacci P, Valentini CG, Barbagallo O, Vento G, Teofili L. Umbilical cord blood as a source for red-blood-cell transfusion in neonatology: a systematic review. Vox Sang. 2018;113:713–25.

Google Scholar 

Bianchi M, Orlando N, Barbagallo O, Sparnacci S, Balentini CG, Carducci B, et al. Allogenic cord blood red blood cells: assessing cord blood unit fractionation and validation. Blood Trans. 2021;19:435–44.

Google Scholar 

Teofili L, Papacci P, Orlando N, Bianchi M, Pasciuto T, Mozzetta I, et al. BORN study: a multicenter randomized trial investigating cord blood red blood cell transfusions to reduce the severity of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low gestational age neonates. Trials. 2022;23:1010.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Teofili L, Papacci P, Bartolo M, Molisso A, Orlando N, Pane L, et al. Transfusion-free survival predicts severe retinopathy in preterm neonates. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:814194.

Google Scholar 

Teofili L, Papacci P, Giannantonio C, Bianchi M, Valentini DG, Vento G. Allogenic cord blood transfusion in preterm infants. Clin Perinatol. 2023;50:88193.

Google Scholar 

Pellegrino C, Papacci P, Beccia F, Serrao F, Cantone GV, Cannetti G, et al. Differences in cerebral tissue oxygenation in preterm neonates receiving adult or cord blood red blood cell transfusions. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6:e2341643.

Google Scholar 

Teofili L, Papacci P, Dani C, Cresi F, Remaschi G, Pellegrino C, et al. Cord blood transfusions in extremely low gestational age neonates to reduce severe retinopathy of prematurity: results of a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized BORN trial. Ital J Pediatr. 2024;50:142.

CAS  Google Scholar 

AABB. Standards for blood banks and transfusion services (BB/TS Standards). 33rd ed. AABB: California 2022.

Hughes CS, Schmitt S, Passarella M, Lorch SA, Phibbs CS. Who’s in the NICU? A population-level analysis. J Perinatol. 2024;44:1416–23.

Google Scholar 

Bell EF, Hintz SR, Hansen NI, Bann CM, Wyckoff MH, DeMauro SB, et al. Mortality, in-hospital morbidity, care practices, and 2-year outcomes for extremely Preterm infants in the US, 2013-2018. JAMA. 2022;327:248–63.

Google Scholar 

Clark C, Gibbs JA, Maniello R, Outerbridge EW, Aranda JV. Blood transfusion: a possible risk factor in retrolental fibroplasia. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1981;70:537–9.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Thomas K, Shah PS, Canning R, Harrison A, Lee SK, Dow KE. Retinopathy of prematurity: risk factors and variability in Canadian neonatal intensive care units. J Neonatal Perinat Med. 2015;8:207–14.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Bas AY, Demirel N, Koc E, Ulubas Isik D, Hirfanoglu İM, Tunc T, TR-ROP Study Group. Incidence, risk factors and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey (TR-ROP study): a prospective, multicentre study in 69 neonatal intensive care units. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:1711–6.

Google Scholar 

Uberos J, Fernandez-Marin E, Campos-Martinez A, Ruiz-Lopez A, Garcia-Serrano JL. Blood products transfusion and retinopathy of prematurity: a cohort study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2023;101:e294–e301.

Google Scholar 

Glaser K, Härtel C, Dammann O, Herting E, Andres O, Speer CP, et al. German neonatal network. Erythrocyte transfusions are associated with retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low gestational age newborns. Acta Paediatr. 2023;112:2507–15.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Ramaswamy VV, Abiramalatha T, Bandyopadhyay T, Shaik NB, Bandiya P, Nanda D, et al. ELBW and ELGAN outcomes in developing nations-Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0255352.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Bahr TM, Snow GL, Christensen TR, Davenport P, Henry E, Tweddell SM, et al. Can red blood cell and platelet transfusions have a pathogenic role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia? J Pediatr. 2024;265:113836.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Patel RM, Knezevic A, Yang J, Shenvi N, Hinkes M, Roback JD, et al. Enteral iron supplementation, red blood cell transfusion, and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight infants. Transfusion. 2019;59:1675–82.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Huang X, Lu H. Association between red blood cell transfusion and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4340.

Google Scholar 

Zhang H, Fang J, Su H, Chen M. Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates born at #1500 g (1999–2009). Pediatr Int. 2011;53:915–20.

Google Scholar 

Vu, Ohls PT, Mayock DE RK, German KR, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. Transfusions and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low gestation neonates enrolled in the PENUT Trial: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Res. 2021;90:109–16.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Shah P, Cannon DC, Lowe JR, Phillips J, Christensen RD, Kamath-Rayne B, et al. Effect of blood transfusions on cognitive development in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2021;41:1412–8.

Google Scholar 

Del Vecchio A, Henry E, D’Amato G, Cannuscio A, Corriero L, Motta M, et al. Instituting a program to reduce the erythrocyte transfusion rate was accompanied by reductions in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26:77–9.

Google Scholar 

Bahr TM, Ohls RK, Henry E, Davenport P, Ilstrup SJ, Kelley WE, et al. The number of blood transfusions received and the incidence and severity of chronic lung disease among NICU patients born >31 weeks gestation. J Perinatol. 2025;45:218–23.

Google Scholar 

Puia-Dumitrescu M, Tanaka DT, Spears TG, Daniel CJ, Kumar KR, Athavale K, et al. Patterns of phlebotomy blood loss and transfusions in extremely low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2019;39:1670–5.

Google Scholar 

Bolat F, Dursun M, Sarıaydın M. Packed red blood cell transfusion as a predictor of moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a comparative cohort study of very preterm infants. Am J Perinatol. 2024;41:e1499–e1507.

Google Scholar 

Keir AK, McPhee AJ, Andersen CC, Stark MJ. Plasma cytokines and markers of endothelial activation increase after packed red blood cell transfusion in the preterm infant. Pediatr Res. 2013;73:75–9.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Dani C, Poggi C, Gozzini E, Leonardi V, Sereni A, Abbate R, et al. Red blood cell transfusions can induce proinflammatory cytokines in preterm infants. Transfusion. 2017;57:1304–10.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Erdöl H, Hacioglu D, Kola M, Turk A, Aslan Y. Investigation of the effect of hemoglobin F and A levels on development of retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS. 2017;21:136–40.

Google Scholar 

Torrejon-Rodriguez L, Pinilla-Gonzalez A, Lara Cantón I, Albiach-Delgado A, Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Cernada M, et al. Effect of autologous umbilical cord blood transfusion in the development of retinopathy of prematurity: randomized clinical trial—study protocol. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1269797.

Google Scholar 

Christensen RD, Bahr TM, Davenport P, Sola-Visner MC, Ohls RK, Ilstrup SJ, et al. Implementing evidence-based restrictive neonatal intensive care unit platelet transfusion guidelines. J Perinatol. 2024;44:1394–401.

Google Scholar 

Bahr TM, Christensen TR, Ilstrup SJ, Ohls RK, Christensen RD. Term umbilical cord blood, fully tested and processed, as the source of red blood cell transfusions for extremely-low-gestational age neonates. Semin Fetal Neo Med. 2024;30:101545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2024.101545.

Surbek DV, Visca E, Steinmann C, Tichelli A, Schatt S, Hahn S, et al. Umbilical cord blood collection before placental delivery during cesarean delivery increased cord blood volume and nucleated cell number available for transplantation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:218–21.

CAS  Google Scholar 

WHO. Guideline: delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.