Aggarwal R, Mahajan P, Pandiya S et al (2024) Antibiotic resistance: a global crisis, problems and solutions. Crit Rev Microbiol 50(5):896–921. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841x.2024.2313024

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ancuceanu R, Dinu M, Dinu-Pirvu C et al (2019) Pharmacokinetics of B-ring unsubstituted flavones. Pharmaceutics. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11080370

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bertagnolio S, Dobreva Z, Centner CM et al (2024) WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health. Lancet Microbe 5(11):100902. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00134-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biswas SS, Roy JD (2024) Phytocompounds as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial multidrug efflux pump Rv1258c: an in silico approach. AMB Express 14(1):25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-024-01673-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bulman ZP, Tan X, Chu TY et al (2022) Ceftazidime-avibactam based combinations against carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring hypervirulence plasmids. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 20:3946–3954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.017

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cai W, Fu Y, Zhang W et al (2016) Synergistic effects of baicalein with cefotaxime against Klebsiella pneumoniae through inhibiting CTX-M-1 gene expression. BMC Microbiol 16(1):181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0797-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cao Y, Dai B, Wang Y et al (2008) In vitro activity of baicalein against Candida albicans biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 32(1):73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.01.026

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan BC, Ip M, Lau CB et al (2011) Synergistic effects of baicalein with ciprofloxacin against NorA over-expressed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and inhibition of MRSA pyruvate kinase. J Ethnopharmacol 137(1):767–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.039

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang PC, Li HY, Tang HJ et al (2007) In vitro synergy of baicalein and gentamicin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 40(1):56–61

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Liu T, Wang K et al (2016) Baicalein inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and the quorum sensing system in vitro. PLoS One 11(4):e0153468. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153468

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen ME, Su CH, Yang JS et al (2018) Baicalin, baicalein, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB3 alleviated Helicobacter pylori infections in vitro and in vivo. J Food Sci 83(12):3118–3125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14372

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen H, Xie S, Gao J et al (2022) Flavonoid baicalein suppresses oral biofilms and protects enamel hardness to combat dental caries. Int J Mol Sci 23(18):10593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms2318

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cuellar-Gaviria TZ, Rincon-Benavides MA, Halipci Topsakal HN et al (2024) Tissue nano-transfection of antimicrobial genes drives bacterial biofilm killing in wounds and is potentially mediated by extracellular vesicles. J Control Release 376:1300–1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.071

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cui X, Liu X, Wang F et al (2023) Determination of the synergistic anti-influenza effect of Huangqin Su tablet and Oseltamivir and investigation of mechanism of the tablet based on gut microbiota and network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 23(1):36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03858-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Da X, Nishiyama Y, Tie D et al (2019) Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of Ou-gon (Scutellaria root extract) components against pathogenic fungi. Sci Rep 9(1):1683. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38916-w

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dar HH, Epperly MW, Tyurin VA et al (2022) P. aeruginosa augments irradiation injury via 15-lipoxygenase-catalyzed generation of 15-HpETE-PE and induction of theft-ferroptosis. JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.156013

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dicle Y, Aydin E, Seker U (2024) Investigation of the protective activity of baicalein on the lungs via regulation of various cellular responses in rats exposed to experimental sepsis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 13(1):tfad112. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfad112

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duan WG, Liu X, Na Z et al (2022) Screening and detection of antimicrobials from Dai pharmaceuticals against clinical diseases by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 74(1):73–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13583

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elbaz M, Chikly A, Meilik R et al (2022). Frequency and clinical features of Candida bloodstream infection originating in the urinary tract. J Fungi (Basel) 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020123

Elhassan E, Devnarain N, Mohammed M et al (2022) Engineering hybrid nanosystems for efficient and targeted delivery against bacterial infections. J Control Release 351:598–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.052

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Esoda CN, Kuehn MJ (2019) Pseudomonas aeruginosa leucine aminopeptidase influences early biofilm composition and structure via vesicle-associated antibiofilm activity. mBio. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02548-19

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eumkeb G, Sakdarat S, Siriwong S (2010) Reversing β-lactam antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus with galangin from Alpinia officinarum Hance and synergism with ceftazidime. Phytomedicine 18(1):40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.09.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farhat N, Khan AU (2022) Therapeutic approaches to combat the global antibiotic resistance challenge. Future Microbiol 17:1515–1529. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2022-0052

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fu Z, Lu H, Zhu Z et al (2011) Combination of baicalein and amphotericin B accelerates Candida albicans apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 34(2):214–218. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.34.214

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fujita M, Shiota S, Kuroda T et al (2005) Remarkable synergies between baicalein and tetracycline, and baicalein and beta-lactams against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Immunol 49(4):391–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03732.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fukamachi H, Matsumoto C, Omiya Y et al (2015) Effects of hangeshashinto on growth of oral microorganisms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015:512947. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/512947

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators (2021) Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. Lancet 404(10459):1199–1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01867-1

Article  Google Scholar 

Goc A, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M (2016) Cooperation of doxycycline with phytochemicals and micronutrients against active and persistent forms of Borrelia sp. Int J Biol Sci 12(9):1093–1103. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.16060

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goc A, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M (2017) Reciprocal cooperation of phytochemicals and micronutrients against typical and atypical forms of Borrelia sp. J Appl Microbiol 123(3):637–650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13523

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo Q, Guo H, Lan T et al (2021) Co-delivery of antibiotic and baicalein by using different polymeric nanoparticle cargos with enhanced synergistic antibacterial activity. Int J Pharm 599:120419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120419

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo J, Lv A, Wu J et al (2023) Bandage modified with antibacterial films of quaternized chitosan & sodium carboxymethyl cellulose microgels/baicalein nanoparticles for accelerating infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 250:126274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126274

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta S, Buttar HS, Kaur G et al (2022) Baicalein: promising therapeutic applications with special reference to published patents. Pharm Pat Anal 11(1):23–32.