Fitzsimons, J. T. Angiotensin, thirst, and sodium appetite. Physiol. Rev. 78, 583–686 (1998).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

McKinley, M. J. et al. The sensory circumventricular organs of the mammalian brain. Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 172, 1–122 (2003).

Article  Google Scholar 

Oka, Y., Ye, M. & Zuker, C. S. Thirst driving and suppressing signals encoded by distinct neural populations in the brain. Nature 520, 349–352 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zimmerman, C. A., Leib, D. E. & Knight, Z. A. Neural circuits underlying thirst and fluid homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 459–469 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Augustine, V. et al. Hierarchical neural architecture underlying thirst regulation. Nature 555, 204–209 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Augustine, V., Lee, S. & Oka, Y. Neural control and modulation of thirst, sodium appetite, and hunger. Cell 180, 25–32 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lowell, B. B. New neuroscience of homeostasis and drives for food, water, and salt. N. Engl. J. Med. 380, 459–471 (2019).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wallace Lind, R., Thunhorst, R. L. & Johnson, A. K. The subfornical organ and the integration of multiple factors in thirst. Physiol. Behav. 32, 69–74 (1984).

Article  Google Scholar 

McKinley, M. J. & Johnson, A. K. The physiological regulation of thirst and fluid intake. News Physiol. Sci. 19, 1–6 (2004).

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bourque, C. W. Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 519–531 (2008).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stricker, E. M. & Hoffmann, M. L. Presystemic signals in the control of thirst, salt appetite, and vasopressin secretion. Physiol. Behav. 91, 404–412 (2007).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fitzsimons, T. J. & Le Magnen, J. Eating as a regulatory control of drinking in the rat. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 67, 273–283 (1969).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zimmerman, C. A. et al. Thirst neurons anticipate the homeostatic consequences of eating and drinking. Nature 537, 680–684 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pool, A. H. et al. The cellular basis of distinct thirst modalities. Nature 588, 112–117 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakamura-Utsunomiya, A., Hiyama, T. Y., Okada, S., Noda, M. & Kobayashi, M. Characteristic clinical features of adipsic hypernatremia patients with subfornical organ-targeting antibody. Clin. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 26, 197–205 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Allen, W. E. et al. Thirst-associated preoptic neurons encode an aversive motivational drive. Science 357, 1149–1155 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Harvey, J. A. & Hunt, H. F. Effect of septal lesions on thirst in the rat as indicated by water consumption and operant responding for water reward. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 59, 49–56 (1965).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Blass, E. M. & Hanson, D. G. Primary hyperdipsia in the rat following septal lesions. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 70, 87–93 (1970).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saad, W. A., de Arruda Camargo, L. A., Antunes-Rodrigues, J. & Simões, S. Effect of electrolytic and chemical lesion by ibotenic acid of the septal area on water and salt intake. Brain Res. Bull. 47, 163–169 (1998).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Andersson, B., Leksell, L. G. & Lishajko, F. Perturbations in fluid balance induced by medially placed forebrain lesions. Brain Res. 99, 261–275 (1975).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vanderweele, D. A., Davison-Barb, S. & Abelson, R. M. Septal lesions and hyperdipsia in the Mongolian gerbil. Physiol. Behav. 22, 223–227 (1979).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Smardencas, A., Denton, D. A. & McKinley, M. J. Hyperdipsia in sheep bearing lesions in the medial septal nucleus. Brain Res. 1752, 147223 (2021).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yao, Z. et al. A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain. Nature 624, 317–332 (2023).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saleem, M. et al. Sox6 as a new modulator of renin expression in the kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 312, F285–F297 (2020).

Google Scholar 

N, E. & Hull, C. L. Principles of behavior. An introduction to behavior theory. J. Philos. 40, 558 (1943).

Article  Google Scholar 

Tsai, N. Y. et al. Trans-Seq maps a selective mammalian retinotectal synapse instructed by nephronectin. Nat. Neurosci. 25, 659–674 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matsuda, T., Hiyama, T. Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, K. & Noda, M. Distinct CCK-positive SFO neurons are involved in persistent or transient suppression of water intake. Nat. Commun. 11, 5692 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

el Ghissassi, M., Thornton, S. N. & Nicolaidis, S. Angiotensin II-induced thirst, but not sodium appetite, via AT1 receptors in organum cavum prelamina terminalis. Am. J. Physiol. 268, R1401–R1405 (1995).

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lenkei, Z., Corvol, P. & Llorens-Cortes, C. The angiotensin receptor subtype AT1A predominates in rat forebrain areas involved in blood pressure, body fluid homeostasis and neuroendocrine control. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 30, 53–60 (1995).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matsuda, T. et al. Distinct neural mechanisms for the control of thirst and salt appetite in the subfornical organ. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 230–241 (2017).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Klapoetke, N. C. et al. Independent optical excitation of distinct neural populations. Nat. Methods 11, 338–346 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yamamoto, M. et al. Reversible suppression of glutamatergic neurotransmission of cerebellar granule cells in vivo by genetically manipulated expression of tetanus neurotoxin light chain. J. Neurosci. 23, 6759–6767 (2003).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ly, T. et al. Sequential appetite suppression by oral and visceral feedback to the brainstem. Nature 624, 130–137 (2023).