Lung ultrasound in cardiac rehabilitation: expert consensus on protocols, clinical use, and integration into patient management from the working group on cardiac rehabilitation and cardiovascular prevention of the Italian society of cardiology

Inchingolo R, Zanforlin A, Buonsenso D et al (2024) Lung ultrasound signs: the beginning. Part 3-an Accademia di Ecografia Toracica comprehensive review on ultrasonographic signs and real needs. J Ultrasound Med 43(4):629–641

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Demi L, Wolfram F, Klersy C et al (2023) New international guidelines and consensus on the use of lung ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med 42(2):309–344

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Picano E, Scali MC, Ciampi Q, Lichtenstein D (2018) Lung ultrasound for the cardiologist. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 11(11):1692–1705

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sforza A, Carlino MV, Guarino M et al (2019) Anterior vs lateral symmetric interstitial syndrome in the diagnosis of acute heart failure. Int J Cardiol 280:130–132

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sforza A, Mancusi C, Carlino MV et al (2017) Diagnostic performance of multi-organ ultrasound with pocket-sized device in the management of acute dyspnea. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 15(1):16

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bertolone DT, De Colle C, Rozza F et al (2021) Lung ultrasound: a narrative review and proposed protocol for patients admitted to Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 92(1).

Katende A, Oehri J, Urio VZ et al (2024) Use of a handheld ultrasonographic device to identify heart failure and pulmonary disease in rural Africa. JAMA Netw Open 7(2):e240577

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pang PS, Russell FM, Ehrman R et al (2021) Lung Ultrasound–Guided Emergency Department Management of Acute Heart Failure (BLUSHED-AHF). JACC: Heart Failure 9(9):638–648

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Platz E, Lewis EF, Uno H et al (2016) Detection and prognostic value of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in ambulatory heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 37(15):1244–1251

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Platz E, Campbell RT, Claggett B et al (2019) Lung ultrasound in acute heart failure: prevalence of pulmonary congestion and short- and long-term outcomes. JACC Heart Fail 7(10):849–858

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu P, Ye L, Li L, Huang W, Liu W, Huang K (2023) Comparison of the prognostic value, feasibility, and reproducibility among different scoring methods of 8 point lung ultrasonography in patients with acute heart failure. Intern Emerg Med 18(8):2321–2332

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perillo A, Basile C, Fucile I, Rozza F, De Luca N, Mancusi C (2024) Lung ultrasound at discharge predicts outcomes in heart failure: a pilot study. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 25(5):394–396

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mancusi C, Fucile I, Gargiulo P et al (2022) Lung ultrasound in coronary care unit, an important diagnostic tool for concomitant pneumonia. Diagnostics 12(12):3082

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Torino C, Gargani L, Sicari R et al (2016) The agreement between auscultation and lung ultrasound in hemodialysis patients: the LUST study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11(11):2005–2011

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dwyer KH, Merz AA, Lewis EF et al (2018) Pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction and hypertension. J Card Fail 24(4):219–226

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bosso G, Allegorico E, Pagano A et al (2021) Lung ultrasound as diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intern Emerg Med 16(2):471–476

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arnone MI, Sforza A, Carlino MV et al (2023) Assessment of E/A ratio helps emergency clinicians in the management of patients with acute dyspnea. Intern Emerg Med 18(6):1823–1830

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Simonovic D, Coiro S, Carluccio E et al (2018) Exercise elicits dynamic changes in extravascular lung water and haemodynamic congestion in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 20(9):1366–1369

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scali MC, Zagatina A, Ciampi Q, Stress Echo 2020 Study Group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging et al (2020) Lung ultrasound and pulmonary congestion during stress echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 13(10):2085–2095

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scali MC, Cortigiani L, Simionuc A, Gregori D, Marzilli M, Picano E (2017) Exercise-induced B-lines identify worse functional and prognostic stage in heart failure patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 19(11):1468–1478

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Agricola E, Picano E, Oppizzi M et al (2006) Assessment of stress-induced pulmonary interstitial edema by chest ultrasound during exercise echocardiography and its correlation with left ventricular function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 19(4):457–463

PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Andrea A, Carbone A, Ilardi F et al (2022) Effects of high intensity interval training rehabilitation protocol after an acute coronary syndrome on myocardial work and atrial strain. Medicina (Kaunas) 58(3):453

PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Andrea A, Ilardi F, D’Ascenzi F et al (2021) Working Group of Echocardiography of the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC). Impaired myocardial work efficiency in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 22(11):1312–1320.

Reddy YNV, Obokata M, Wiley B et al (2019) The haemodynamic basis of lung congestion during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 40(45):3721–3730

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pugliese NR, De Biase N, Gargani L et al (2021) Predicting the transition to and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a weighted risk score using bio-humoural, cardiopulmonary, and echocardiographic stress testing. Eur J Prev Cardiol 28(15):1650–1661

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fischer MO, Brotons F, Briant AR, VENICE study group et al (2022) Postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery: the VENICE international cohort study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 36(8 Pt A):2344–2351

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cantinotti M, Marchese P, Giordano R et al (2022) Overview of lung ultrasound in pediatric cardiology. Diagnostics 12(3):763

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Churchill LJ, Tronstad O, Mandrusiak AM et al (2024) The role of lung ultrasound for detecting atelectasis, consolidation, and/or pneumonia in the adult cardiac surgery population: a scoping review of the literature. Aust Crit Care 37(1):193–201

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vitale J, Mumoli N, Giorgi-Pierfranceschi M et al (2016) Comparison of the accuracy of nurse-performed and physician-performed lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of cardiogenic dyspnea. Chest 150(2):470–471

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emperador F 4th, Bennett SR, Gonzalez J, Saati A, Alsaywid BS, Fernandez JA (2020) Extravascular lung water and effect on oxygenation assessed by lung ultrasound in adult cardiac surgery. Cureus 12(8):e9953

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Touw HR, Parlevliet KL, Beerepoot M et al (2018) Lung ultrasound compared with chest X-ray in diagnosing postoperative pulmonary complications following cardiothoracic surgery: a prospective observational study. Anaesthesia 73(8):946–954

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alsaddique A, Royse AG, Royse CF et al (2016) Repeated monitoring with transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound after cardiac surgery: feasibility and impact on diagnosis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 30(2):406–412

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cantinotti M, Giordano R, Scalese M et al (2020) Prognostic value of a new lung ultrasound score to predict intensive care unit stay in pediatric cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 109(1):178–184

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Song IK, Kim EH, Lee JH, Kang P, Kim HS, Kim JT (2018) Utility of perioperative lung ultrasound in pediatric cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology 128(4):718–727

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yan JH, Yu N, Wang YH, Gao YB, Pan L (2020) Lung ultrasound vs chest radiography in the diagnosis of children pneumonia: systematic evidence. Medicine (Baltimore) 99(50):e23671

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cantinotti M, Giordano R, Volpicelli G et al (2016) Lung ultrasound in adult and paediatric cardiac surgery: is it time for routine use? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 22(2):208–215

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Usta E, Mustafi M, Ziemer G (2010) Ultrasound estimation of volume of postoperative pleural effusion in cardiac surgery patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 10(2):204–207

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Volpicelli G, Boero E, Sverzellati N et al (2014) Semi-quantification of pneumothorax volume by lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med 40(10):1460–1467

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maranta F, Cianfanelli L, Rizza V et al (2022) Diaphragm dysfunction after cardiac surgery: insights from ultrasound imaging during cardiac rehabilitation. Ultrasound Med Biol 48(7):1179–1189

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gheorghiade M, Follath F, Ponikowski P, European Society of Cardiology, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine et al (2010) Assessing and grading congestion in acute heart failure: a scientific statement from the acute heart failure committee of the heart failure association of the European Society of Cardiology and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Eur J Heart Fail 12(5):423–433

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clark AL, Cleland JG (2013) Causes and treatment of oedema in patients with heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 10(3):156–170

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, De Luca L, Burnett J (2006) Congestion in acute heart failure syndromes: an essential target of evaluation and treatment. Am J Med 119(12 Suppl 1):S3–S10

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gheorghiade M, Zannad F

Comments (0)

No login
gif