Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR et al (2023) 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 44(37):3503–3626. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Oechslin E, Jenni R (2011) Left ventricular non-compaction revisited: a distinct phenotype with genetic heterogeneity? Eur Heart J 32(12):1446–1456. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq508
Di Lisi D, Brighina F, Di Stefano C et al (2024) What happened to the left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy? To be or not to be: This is the question. Curr Probl Cardiol 49(11):102787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102787
Jenni R, Oechslin E, Schneider J, Attenhofer Jost C, Kaufmann PA (2001) Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: a step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy. Heart 86(6):666–671. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.86.6.666
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chin TK, Perloff JK, Williams RG, Jue K, Mohrmann R (1990) Isolated noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium: a study of eight cases. Circulation 82(2):507–513. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.82.2.507
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Stöllberger C, Finsterer J (2004) Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 17(1):91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00514-5
D’Silva A (2021) A promising step forward in LVNC risk stratification, but how much trabeculation can be normal? J Am Coll Cardiol 78(24):e307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.076
Ross SB, Jones K, Blanch B et al (2020) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction in adults. Eur Heart J 41(14):1428–1436. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz317
Petersen SE, Selvanayagam JB, Wiesemann S et al (2023) Excessive trabeculation of the left ventricle: JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging Expert Panel Paper. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 16(3):408–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.12.026
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dorobantu DM, Janssen R, Adamczak J et al (2023) The use of 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography in assessing adolescent athletes with left ventricular hypertrabeculation meeting the criteria for left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 371:500–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.076
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M et al (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 42(36):3599–3726. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M et al (2023) 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 44(37):3627–3639. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad195
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jefferies JL (2021) Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy: new clues in a not so new disease? J Am Heart Assoc 10(2):e018815. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018815
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Arbustini E, Weidemann F, Hall JL (2014) Left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy or a trait shared by different cardiac diseases? J Am Coll Cardiol 64(17):1840–1850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.030
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Walsh R (2023) The trouble with trabeculation: how genetics can help to unravel a complex and controversial phenotype. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 16(6):1310–1324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-023-10459-6
Llerena-Velastegui J, Córdova-Romero T, Narváez-Acurio F et al (2024) Advances and challenges in the diagnosis and management of left ventricular noncompaction in adults: a literature review. Curr Probl Cardiol 49(6):102571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102571
Hirono K, Hamaoka K, Biagini E et al (2022) Thromboembolic events in left ventricular non-compaction: comparison between children and adults – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart 9(1):e001908. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001908
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G et al (2006) Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: An American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 113(14):1807–1816. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287
Choquet C, Kelly RG, Miquerol L (2019) Defects in trabecular development contribute to left ventricular noncompaction. Pediatr Cardiol 40(7):1331–1338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-019-02161-9
Sheehan F, Redington A (2008) The right ventricle: anatomy, physiology and clinical imaging. Heart 94(11):1510–1515. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2007.132779
Gregor Z, Kosmalska K, Podolec P et al (2023) Characteristics of the right ventricle in left ventricular noncompaction with reduced ejection fraction in the light of dilated cardiomyopathy. PLoS ONE 18(9):e0290981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290981
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gati S, Papadakis M, Papamichael ND et al (2014) Reversible de novo left ventricular trabeculations in pregnant women: implications for the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction in low-risk populations. Circulation 130(6):475–483. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008554
Gati S, Papadakis M, Papamichael ND et al (2013) Increased left ventricular trabeculation in highly trained athletes: do we need more stringent criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction in athletes? Heart 99(6):401–408. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303418
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pelliccia A, Sharma S, Gati S et al (2021) 2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 42(1):17–96. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gaasch WH, Zile MR (2011) Left ventricular structural remodelling in health and disease: with special emphasis on volume, mass, and geometry. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(17):1733–1740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.07.022
Nemes A (2024) Myocardial mechanics and associated valvular and vascular abnormalities in left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 13(1):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010078
Visoiu IS, Cismaru G, Mester A et al (2023) Multimodality imaging and biomarker approach to characterize the pathophysiology of heart failure in left ventricular non-compaction with preserved ejection fraction. J Clin Med 12(11):3632. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113632
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pittorru R, Limongelli G, Cadeddu Dessalvi C et al (2024) Left ventricular non-compaction: evolving concepts. J Clin Med 13(19):5674. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195674
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Towbin JA, Lorts A, Jefferies JL (2015) Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet 386(9995):813–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61282-4
Comments (0)