Every year, almost 9 million people worldwide become ill and pass away from cancer, many of them are unable to afford proper treatment. By 2035, the incidence of cancer is predicted to double. About 25 % of all malignancies are breast cancers, making it the most common form to be diagnosed [1]. There are now three primary methods of anticancer treatment: radiation, chemotherapy, and surgically removing the tumor mass. Unfortunately, a number of spreading tumor kinds have been discovered to be resistant to chemotherapy [2]. The most common kind of breast cancer, comprising 60 % of all diagnoses, is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative and hormone receptor (HR) positive [3]. Combination therapy reduces estrogen levels to prevent cell growth and cyclin-dependent kinase to prevent malignant cell division and proliferation in order to treat HR positive/HER2 negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer [4], [5].

The medicinal application of gold compounds dates back over two millennia, with early use recorded in traditional Arabic and Chinese medicine. The biochemistry of gold began to be systematically explored in the 19th century, laying the groundwork for its modern therapeutic use [6]. One of the most notable applications, known as chrysotherapy, involves the use of gold-based compounds to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive joint destruction, pain, and impaired mobility [7], [8]. Due to their structural analogy to platinum(II) drugs like cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, which are frequently also employed in chemotherapy, gold(III) complexes have come out among them as being particularly interesting [9], [10]. However, due to the significant risk of severe toxicity, including neurotoxicity, efficacy and therefore the use of such platinum-based medications have declined.

Gold derivatives and other metal-based chemotherapy drugs have recently been the focus of innovative studies aimed at increasing their effectiveness, broadening their field of action, and, most importantly, lowering their overall toxicity. According to various studies, gold derivatives behave differently from platinum anticancer medications because their main target is the proteasome. To improve their efficacy and better manage undesirable side effects, future research will develop gold complexes that are selective for particular cancer cells and tumor targets [11].

The exploration of gold(I) complexes has significantly advanced the development of gold-based anticancer agents, largely owing to their favorable ligand exchange properties and strong affinity for biologically relevant targets [12]. In contrast, research into gold(III) complexes has covered behind, primarily due to their limited stability under physiological conditions and their high susceptibility to reduction, often yielding biologically inactive species [13], [14]. However, these limitations have dominated the considerable therapeutic potential that Au(III) complexes possess[15]. Given their unique coordination chemistry and the opportunity to access distinct modes of biological interaction, there is a convincing need to renew interest in gold(III) based systems as a raised area for rational drug design [16], [17], [18]. So, there is a need to reawaken the research regarding Au(III) complexes, which may help develop drug design. Different scaffold types include mono- and di-nuclear, neutral, charged, coordination, and organometallic compounds [19]. Early research suggested that gold(III) is reduced to gold(I) and elementary gold in the reduction-favored environment of the body-like-S-H group, which contains protein or enzyme-like thioredoxin reductase [20]. So, there is a need to synthesize such a ligand that can stabilize the Au(III) metal chelates. Research in this way may allow interesting curing features in cancer treatment. Synthesis of N, N-donor gold(III) complexes has found a massive role in making stable organogold(III) compounds because C-N, C-N-N and N-N types of donor ligands can help in the above direction [13]. Preparation of this type of Au(III) metal complexes may enhance its potency against cancer cells.