Man J, Chen H, Zhang T, Yin X, Yang X, Lu M (2021) Global, regional, and national burden of age-related hearing loss from 1990 to 2019. Aging (Albany NY) 13(24):25944–25959. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203782

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huddle MG, Goman AM, Kernizan FC et al (2017) The economic impact of adult hearing loss: a systematic review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 143(10):1040–1048. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1243

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McDaid D, Park AL, Chadha S (2021) Estimating the global costs of hearing loss. Int J Audiol 60(3):162–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2021.1883197

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oosterloo BC, Croll PH, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Ikram MK, Goedegebure A (2021) Prevalence of tinnitus in an aging population and its relation to age and hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 164(4):859–868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820957296

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moore DR, Edmondson-Jones M, Dawes P et al (2014) Relation between speech-in-noise threshold, hearing loss and cognition from 40–69 years of age. PLoS One 9(9):e107720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107720. (Published 2014 Sep 17.)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Besser J, Stropahl M, Urry E, Launer S (2018) Comorbidities of hearing loss and the implications of multimorbidity for audiological care. Hear Res 369:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.008

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schneck ME, Lott LA, Haegerstrom-Portnoy G, Brabyn JA (2012) Association between hearing and vision impairments in older adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 32(1):45–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00876.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gopinath B, McMahon CM, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P (2016) Hearing and vision impairment and the 5-year incidence of falls in older adults. Age Ageing 45(3):409–414. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw022

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Davies HR, Cadar D, Herbert A, Orrell M, Steptoe A (2017) Hearing impairment and incident dementia: findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing. J Am Geriatr Soc 65(9):2074–2081. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14986

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chung SD, Hung SH, Lin HC, Sheu JJ (2015) Association between sudden sensorineural hearing loss and anxiety disorder: a population-based study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 272(10):2673–2678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3235-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Agmon M, Lavie L, Doumas M (2017) The association between hearing loss, postural control, and mobility in older adults: a systematic review. J Am Acad Audiol 28(6):575–588. https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16044

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abrams H (2017) Hearing loss and associated comorbidities: what do we know. Hear Rev 24(12):32–35

Google Scholar 

Brewster KK, Hu MC, Wall MM et al (2021) Age-related hearing loss, neuropsychological performance, and incident dementia in older adults. J Alzheimers Dis 80(2):855–864. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200908

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sakurai R, Kawai H, Yanai S et al (2022) Gait and age-related hearing loss interactions on global cognition and falls. Laryngoscope 132(4):857–863. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29898

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mick P, Kawachi I, Lin FR (2014) The association between hearing loss and social isolation in older adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150(3):378–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599813518021

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jafari Z, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH (2021) Age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline: MRI and cellular evidence. Ann NY Acad Sci 1500(1):17–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14617

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chern A, Golub JS (2019) Age-related hearing loss and dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 33(3):285–290. https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000325

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Biswas R, Genitsaridi E, Trpchevska N et al (2023) Low evidence for tinnitus risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 24(1):81–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-022-00874-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhatt IS, Washnik NJ, Kingsbury S, Deshpande AK, Kingsbury H, Bhagavan SG, Michel K, Dias R, Torkamani A (2023) Identifying health-related conditions associated with tinnitus in young adults. Audiol Res 13(4):546–562. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres13040048

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kostev K, Alymova S, Kössl M, Jacob L (2019) Risk factors for tinnitus in 37,692 patients followed in general practices in Germany. Otol Neurotol 40(4):436–440. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002161

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park RJ, Moon JD (2014) Prevalence and risk factors of tinnitus: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011, a cross-sectional study. Clin Otolaryngol 39(2):89–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.12232

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim HJ, Lee HJ, An SY et al (2015) Analysis of the prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus in adults. PLoS One 10(5):e0127578. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127578

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao J, Tan P, Liu Y, Chen S, Liu J (2024) Association between sleep apnea and tinnitus: a meta-analysis. Ear Nose Throat J. Published online February 6, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613241226853

Jiang K, Armstrong NM, Agrawal Y et al (2022) Associations of audiometric hearing and speech-in-noise performance with cognitive decline among older adults: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Front Neurol 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1029851

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Wong LLN, Chan SS, Yu J (2022) Speech perception in noise is associated with different cognitive abilities in Chinese-speaking older adults with and without hearing aids. Front Psychol 12:640300. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640300. (2022 Jan 4.)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stevenson JS, Clifton L, Kuźma E, Littlejohns TJ (2022) Speech-in-noise hearing impairment is associated with an increased risk of incident dementia in 82,039 UK Biobank participants. Alzheimers Dement 18(3):445–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12416

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allen N, Sudlow C, Downey P et al (2012) UK biobank: current status and what it means for epidemiology. Health Policy Technol 1(3):123–126

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhou W, Kanai M, Wu KH et al (2022) Global biobank meta-analysis initiative: powering genetic discovery across human disease. Cell Genom 2(10):100192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100192

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization (2024) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD). https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases. Accessed August 4, 2024.

Shuey MM, Stead WW, Aka I et al (2023) Next-generation phenotyping: introducing phecodeX for enhanced discovery research in medical phenomics. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad655

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoffmann TJ, Keats BJ, Yoshikawa N, Schaefer C, Risch N, Lustig LR (2016) A large genome-wide association study of age-related hearing impairment using electronic health records. PLoS Genet 12(10):e1006371

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ivarsdottir EV, Holm H, Benonisdottir S, Olafsdottir T, Sveinbjornsson G, Thorleifsson G, Eggertsson HP, Halldorsson GH, Hjorleifsson KE, Melsted P, Gylfason A, Arnadottir GA, Oddsson A, Jensson BO, Jonasdottir A, Juliusdottir T, Stefansdottir L, Tragante V, Halldorsson BV, Petersen H, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Hinriksdottir I, Jonsdottir I, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K (2021) The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis. Commun Biol 4(1):706

Article  CAS