Ginseng acetylcholine from various ginsengs and its in vivo physiological effect

Available online 19 January 2026, 100979

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We determined acetylcholine (ACh) amount from live Panax ginseng (PG), Panax quinquefolius (PQ), and other ginsengs. We found that PG has more ACh content than that of PQ. PG-derived ACh fraction decreased Daphnia pulex heart rate, which was inhibited by atropine. PG-ACh-mediated regulations of heart rate involve muscarinic cholinergic pathway.

Graphical abstract