Abrahamyan S et al (2020) Complete Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 91(7):681–686

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Afrasiabi A et al (2020) The interaction of multiple sclerosis risk loci with Epstein-Barr virus phenotypes implicates the virus in pathogenesis. Sci Rep 10(1):193

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Afrasiabi A et al (2021) The interaction of human and epstein–barr virus Mirnas with multiple sclerosis risk loci. Int J Mol Sci 22(6):2927

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Albanese M et al (2016) Epstein–Barr virus MicroRNAs reduce immune surveillance by virus-specific CD8 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113(42):pE6467–E6475

Article  Google Scholar 

Amoueian S et al (2018) Epstein–Barr virus infection in adult patients with gastric cancer in Northeast of Iran. Indian J Med Pediatr Oncol 39(02):206–209

Article  Google Scholar 

Annibali V et al (2015) IFN-β and multiple sclerosis: from etiology to therapy and back. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 26(2):221–228

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ascherio A et al (2001) Epstein-Barr virus antibodies and risk of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study. JAMA 286(24):3083–3088

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ascherio A, Munger KL, Lünemann JD (2012) The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 8(11):602–612

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Attia MS et al (2023) Altered Lnc-EGFR, SNHG1, and LincRNA-Cox2 profiles in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: impact on disease activity and progression. Diagnostics 13(8):1448

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Axer H et al (2005) Initial DWI and ADC imaging May predict outcome in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: report of two cases of brain stem encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76(7):996–998

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Azari H et al (2021) Construction of a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network to determine the key regulators of the Th1/Th2 imbalance in multiple sclerosis. Epigenomics 13(22):1797–1815

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balfour HH Jr et al (2013) Behavioral, virologic, and Immunologic factors associated with acquisition and severity of primary Epstein–Barr virus infection in university students. J Infect Dis 207(1):80–88

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bartel DP (2009) MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 136(2):215–233

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benveniste EN, Qin H (2007) Type I interferons as anti-inflammatory mediators. Science’s STKE 2007(416):pe70–pe70

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bjornevik K et al (2022) Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science 375(6578):296–301

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bjornevik K et al (2023) Epstein–Barr virus as a leading cause of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and implications. Nat Reviews Neurol 19(3):160–171

Google Scholar 

Bronge M (2023) Identification of autoantigens in multiple sclerosis. Karolinska Institutet (Sweden

Bu W et al (2019) Immunization with components of the viral fusion apparatus elicits antibodies that neutralize Epstein-Barr virus in B cells and epithelial cells. Immunity 50(5):1305–1316e6

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Butovsky O, Weiner HL (2018) Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 19(10):622–635

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cepok S et al (2005) Identification of Epstein-Barr virus proteins as putative targets of the immune response in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Investig 115(5):1352–1360

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen YG, Satpathy AT, Chang HY (2017) Gene regulation in the immune system by long noncoding RNAs. Nat Immunol 18(9):962–972

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y et al (2019) Epstein-Barr virus MicroRNAs regulate B cell receptor signal transduction and lytic reactivation. PLoS Pathog 15(1):e1007535

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Comabella M et al (2012) EBV-specific immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis responding to IFNβ therapy. Multiple Scler J 18(5):605–609

Article  Google Scholar 

Confavreux C, Vukusic S (2014) The clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol 122:343–369

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Craig JC et al (1983) Immunological control of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 29(1):86–93

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Craig J et al (1985) Subsets of T lymphocytes in relation to T lymphocyte function in multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 61(3):548

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cree BA, Hartung H-P, Barnett M (2022) New drugs for multiple sclerosis: new treatment algorithms. Curr Opin Neurol 35(3):262–270

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cui X, Snapper CM (2021) Epstein barr virus: development of vaccines and immune cell therapy for EBV-associated diseases. Front Immunol 12:734471

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cui X et al (2021) Immunization with Epstein–Barr virus core fusion machinery envelope proteins elicit high titers of neutralizing activities and protect humanized mice from lethal dose EBV challenge. Vaccines 9(3):285

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

De Clercq E (2003) Potential of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates in the treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections. Expert Rev Anti-infective Therapy 1(1):21–43

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeLorenze GN et al (2006) Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: evidence of association from a prospective study with long-term follow-up. Arch Neurol 63(6):839–844

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Derrien T et al (2012) The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding rnas: analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome Res 22(9):1775–1789

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Drosu N.C., Edelman E.R., Housman D.E. (2020) Tenofovir prodrugs potently inhibit Epstein–Barr virus lytic DNA replication by targeting the viral DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci 117(22):12368–12374

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elliott SL et al (2008) Phase I trial of a CD8 + T-cell peptide epitope-based vaccine for infectious mononucleosis. J Virol 82(3):1448–1457

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Epstein M et al (1985) Protection of Cottontop tamarins against Epstein–Barr virus-induced malignant lymphoma by a prototype subunit vaccine. Nature 318(6043):287–289

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erre GL et al (2015) Increased Epstein-Barr virus DNA load and antibodies against EBNA1 and EA in Sardinian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Viral Immunol 28(7):385–390

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Escalante GM et al (2020) A pentavalent Epstein-Barr virus-like particle vaccine elicits high titers of neutralizing antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus infection in immunized rabbits. Vaccines 8(2):169

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central