Ischemic preconditioning as a modality to improve microvascular function and cardiometabolic risk in sedentary adults: a randomized controlled trial

Balasubramanian G, Chockalingam N, Naemi R (2021a) A systematic evaluation of cutaneous microcirculation in the foot using post-occlusive reactive hyperemia. Microcirculation 28. https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.12692

Balasubramanian GV, Chockalingam N, Naemi R (2021b) The Role of Cutaneous Microcirculatory Responses in Tissue Injury, Inflammation and Repair at the Foot in Diabetes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.732753

Bielitzki R, Behrendt T, Behrens M, Schega L (2021) Time to Save Time: Beneficial Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training and the Need to Quantify the Time Potentially Saved by Its Application During Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. Phys Ther 101. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab172

Coccarelli A, Nelson MD (2023) Modeling Reactive Hyperemia to Better Understand and Assess Microvascular Function: A Review of Techniques. Ann Biomed Eng 51:479–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-03134-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cordovil I, Huguenin G, Rosa G et al (2012) Evaluation of systemic microvascular endothelial function using laser speckle contrast imaging. Microvasc Res 83:376–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2012.01.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fenn S, Walker M, Bekkedal L et al (2023) Investigating microvascular outcomes with ischemic pre-conditioning and passive stretch. Physiology 38. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2023.38.S1.5734665

Fox C, Walsh P, Mulhall KJ, Cureus (2018) https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3763

Galos G, Rabai M, Szabo R et al (2024) The influence of triglyceride and low-density-lipoprotein target levels on microcirculation: Is there a difference? Heliyon 10:e27954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27954

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guyton AC, Hall JE (2011) Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology

Higashi Y (2023) Endothelial Function in Dyslipidemia: Roles of LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides. Cells 12:1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12091293

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Horová E, Mazoch J, HiIgertová J et al (2012) Acute Hyperglycemia Does Not Impair Microvascular Reactivity and Endothelial Function during Hyperinsulinemic Isoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Clamp in Type 1 Diabetic Patients. Exp Diabetes Res 2012:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/851487

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang R, Ma Y, Yang Z et al (2025) Hemodynamic analysis of blood flow restriction training: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 17:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01084-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hughes L, Paton B, Rosenblatt B et al (2017a) Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 51:1003–1011. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097071

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hughes L, Paton B, Rosenblatt B et al (2017b) Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 51:1003–1011. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097071

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hwang J, Kang S, Choi H, ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ATTENUATES RENAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY BY TLR4 SUPPRESSION AND ENOS ACTIVATION (2020) Transplantation 104:S180–S180. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000699272.30300.36

Article  Google Scholar 

Incognito AV, Burr JF, Millar PJ (2016) The Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning on Human Exercise Performance. Sports Med 46:531–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0433-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jagla A, Schrezenmeir J (2001) Postprandial triglycerides and endothelial function. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 109:533–547. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-15116

Article  Google Scholar 

Kandilci HB, Gumusel B, Topaloglu E et al (2006) EFFECTS OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ON RAT LUNG: ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE. Exp Lung Res 32:287–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/01902140600817473

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kimura M, Ueda K, Goto C et al (2007) Repetition of Ischemic Preconditioning Augments Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27:1403–1410. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.143578

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kubota T, Kubota N, Kumagai H et al (2011) Impaired Insulin Signaling in Endothelial Cells Reduces Insulin-Induced Glucose Uptake by Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 13:294–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.018

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lanting SM, Barwick AL, Twigg SM et al (2017) Post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia of skin microvasculature and foot complications in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 31:1305–1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.05.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lenasi H, Klonizakis M (2017) Assessing the evidence: Exploring the effects of exercise on diabetic microcirculation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 64:663–678. https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168022

Article  Google Scholar 

Leurcharusmee P, Sawaddiruk P, Punjasawadwong Y et al (2022) CoenzymeQ10 and Ischemic Preconditioning Potentially Prevent Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion in Knee Arthroplasty, but Combined Pretreatment Possibly Neutralizes Their Beneficial Effects. Antioxidants 11:419. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020419

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liang J, Han R, Zhou B (2021) Metabolic Reprogramming: Strategy for Ischemic Stroke Treatment by Ischemic Preconditioning. Biology (Basel) 10:424. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10050424

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lorenz DS, Bailey L, Wilk KE et al (2021) Blood Flow Restriction Training. J Athl Train 56:937–944. https://doi.org/10.4085/418-20

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Love KM, Barrett EJ, Malin SK et al (2021) Diabetes pathogenesis and management: the endothelium comes of age. J Mol Cell Biol 13:500–512. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjab024

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mather KJ (2013) The vascular endothelium in diabetes—a therapeutic target? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 14:87–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-013-9237-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mitranun W, Deerochanawong C, Tanaka H, Suksom D (2014) Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro- and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports 24. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12112

Ninet J, Fronek A (1985) Cutaneous postocclusive reactive hyperemia monitored by Laser Doppler Flux metering and skin temperature. Microvasc Res 30:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-2862(85)90044-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Olver TD, Laughlin MH (2016) Endurance, interval sprint, and resistance exercise training: impact on microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 310:H337–H350. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00440.2015

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pagliaro P, Gattullo D, Rastaldo R, Losano G (2001) Involvement of nitric oxide in ischemic preconditioning. Ital Heart J 2:660–668

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pajkowski M, Dudziak M, Chlebus K, Hellmann M (2021) Assessment of microvascular function and pharmacological regulation in genetically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia. Microvasc Res 138:104216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104216

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park C, Bathula R, Shore AC et al (2012) Impaired post-ischaemic microvascular hyperaemia in Indian Asians is unexplained by diabetes or other cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis 221:503–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patsch JR, Miesenböck G, Hopferwieser T et al (1992) Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease. Studies in the postprandial state. Arterioscler Thromb 12:1336–1345. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.12.11.1336

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues LM, Rocha C, Ferreira H, Andrade S (2024) Endothelial function cannot be assessed by the reactive hyperemia following occlusion. Physiology 39. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2024.39.S1.936

Rolnick N, Schoenfeld BJ (2020) Blood Flow Restriction Training and the Physique Athlete: A Practical Research-Based Guide to Maximizing Muscle Size. Strength Cond J 42:22–36. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000553

Article  Google Scholar 

Comments (0)

No login
gif