Behm DG, Granacher U, Warneke K et al (2024) Minimalist training: is lower dosage or intensity resistance training effective to improve physical fitness? A narrative review. Sports Med 54:289–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01949-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Zhou S (2006) Intra- and intermuscular variation in human quadriceps femoris architecture assessed in vivo. J Anat 209:289–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00619.x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bottaro M, Veloso J, Wagner D, Gentil P (2011) Resistance training for strength and muscle thickness: effect of number of sets and muscle group trained. Sci Sports 26:259–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2010.09.009

Article  Google Scholar 

Cinarli FS, Ulubaba HE, Ucar O et al (2024) Relationship between quadriceps muscle architecture and lower limb strength and physical function in older adults community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 12:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1398424

Article  Google Scholar 

Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Stat Power Anal Behav Sci. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587

Article  Google Scholar 

Colson S, Pousson M, Martin A, Van Hoecke J (1999) Isokinetic elbow flexion and coactivation following eccentric training. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 9:13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(98)00025-X

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

da Silva LSL, Gonçalves LdaS, Alves Campos PH et al (2025) Comparison between eccentric vs. concentric muscle actions on hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 39:115–134. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004981

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Douglas J, Pearson S, Ross A, McGuigan M (2017) Chronic adaptations to eccentric training: A systematic review. Sports Med 47:917–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0628-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ema R, Wakahara T, Miyamoto N et al (2013) Inhomogeneous architectural changes of the quadriceps femoris induced by resistance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 113:2691–2703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-013-2700-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franchi MV, Longo S, Mallinson J et al (2018) Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross-sectional area in the assessment of strength training-induced hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 28:846–853. https://doi.org/10.1111/SMS.12961

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hammert WB, Dankel SJ, Kataoka R et al (2024) Methodological considerations when studying resistance-trained populations: ideas for using control groups. J Strength Cond Res 38:2164–2171. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004978

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Högelin ER, Thulin K, von Walden F et al (2022) Reliability and validity of an ultrasound-based protocol for measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness in children. Front Physiol 13:830216. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2022.830216

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kantak SS, Winstein CJ (2012) Learning–performance distinction and memory processes for motor skills: A focused review and perspective. Beha Brain Res 228:219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBR.2011.11.028

Article  Google Scholar 

Kasahara K, Konrad A, Yoshida R et al (2023) Comparison of isolated or combined static stretching and foam rolling on knee extensors’ function. J Sports Sci Med 22:389–396. https://doi.org/10.52082/JSSM.2023.389

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khodadad Kashi S, Mirzazadeh ZS, Saatchian V (2023) A systematic review and meta-analysis of resistance training on quality of life, depression, muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity in older adults aged 60 years or more. Biol Res Nurs 25:88–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004221120945

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kidgell DJ, Frazer AK, Rantalainen T et al (2015) Increased cross-education of muscle strength and reduced corticospinal Inhibition following eccentric strength training. Neuroscience 300:566–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.057

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kirk BJC, Mavropalias G, Blazevich AJ et al (2025) Effects of a daily, home-based, 5-minute eccentric exercise program on physical fitness, body composition, and health in sedentary individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 125:2241–2255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05757-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krentz JR, Chilibeck PD, Farthing JP (2017) The effects of supramaximal versus submaximal intensity eccentric training when performed until volitional fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol 117:2099–2108. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00421-017-3700-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lepley LK, Lepley AS, Onate JA, Grooms DR (2017) Eccentric exercise to enhance neuromuscular control. Sports Health 9:333–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738117710913

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manca A, Dragone D, Dvir Z, Deriu F (2017) Cross-education of muscular strength following unilateral resistance training: a meta-analysis. Eur J Appl Physiol 117:2335–2354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3720-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manca A, Hortobágyi T, Carroll TJ et al (2021) Contralateral effects of unilateral strength and skill training: modified Delphi consensus to Establish key aspects of cross-education. Sports Med 51:11–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01377-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maroto-Izquierdo S, Nosaka K, Blazevich AJ et al (2022) Cross-education effects of unilateral accentuated eccentric isoinertial resistance training on lean mass and function. Scand J Med Sci Sports 32:672–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14108

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matta TT, Nascimento FXMB, Fernandes IA, Oliveira LF (2015) Heterogeneity of rectus femoris muscle architectural adaptations after two different 14-week resistance training programmes. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 35:210–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/CPF.12151

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mcleod JC, Currier BS, Lowisz CV, Phillips SM (2024) The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical function in healthy adults: an umbrella review. J Sport Health Sci 13:47–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakamura M, Konrad A, Yasaka K et al (2020) The acute effect of foam rolling on eccentrically-induced muscle damage. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18010075

Article  Google Scholar 

Nakamura M, Kamazawa T, Sato S et al (2025) Comparison between concentric–eccentric and concentric-only plantar flexor exercise training with body weight for changes in muscle strength, range of motion, and muscle architecture. Eur J Appl Physiol 125:2625–2635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05782-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nunes JP, Blazevich AJ, Schoenfeld BJ et al (2024) Determining changes in muscle size and architecture after exercise training: one site does not fit all. J Strength Cond Res 38:787–790. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004722

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nuzzo JL, Pinto MD, Kirk BJC, Nosaka K (2024) Resistance exercise minimal dose strategies for increasing muscle strength in the general population: an overview. Sports Med 54:1139–1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02009-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pardo E, El Behi H, Boizeau P et al (2018) Reliability of ultrasound measurements of quadriceps muscle thickness in critically ill patients. BMC Anesthesiol 18:205. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12871-018-0647-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pearcey GEP, Alizedah S, Power KE, Button DC (2021) Chronic resistance training: is it time to rethink the time course of neural contributions to strength gain? Eur J Appl Physiol 121:2413–2422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04730-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roig M, O’Brien K, Kirk G et al (2009) The effects of eccentric versus concentric resistance training on muscle strength and mass in healthy adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 43:556–568.