Idle JR, Beyoğlu D. Ifosfamide-History, efficacy, toxicity and encephalopathy. Pharmacol Ther. 2023;243:108366.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carter TJ, Milic M, McDerra J, McTiernan A, Ahmed M, Karavasilis V, et al. Continuous 14 day infusional Ifosfamide for management of Soft-tissue and bone sarcoma: a single centre retrospective cohort analysis. Cancers. 2020;12(11):3408.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vredenburg G, den Braver-Sewradj S, van Vugt-Lussenburg BM, Vermeulen NP, Commandeur JN, Vos JC. Activation of the anticancer drugs cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide by cytochrome P450 BM3 mutants. Toxicol Lett. 2015;232(1):182–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kurian R, Wang H. Prodrugs in oncology: bioactivation and impact on therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(3):988.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ning B, Guo C, Kong A, Li K, Xie Y, Shi H, et al. Calcium signaling mediates cell death and crosstalk with autophagy in kidney disease. Cells. 2021;10(11):3204.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benesic A, Schwerdt G, Mildenberger S, Freudinger R, Gordjani N, Gekle M. Disturbed Ca2+-signaling by chloroacetaldehyde: a possible cause for chronic Ifosfamide nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int. 2005;68(5):2029–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Torchia A, Vari S, Onesti CE, Ceddia S, Maschio M, Maggi G, et al. A narrative review on diagnosis and treatment of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, the perspective of a EURACAN reference center for sarcomas. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1512966.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Toumi S, Amarou B, Atmane B, El Afeya J, Naciri S, Mrabti H, et al. Two cases of Ifosfamide-Induced encephalopathy: use Considerations, risk factors and treatment. Academic Medicine & Surgery; 2025.

Baiken Y, Kanayeva D, Taipakova S, Groisman R, Ishchenko AA, Begimbetova D, et al. Role of base excision repair pathway in the processing of complex DNA damage generated by oxidative stress and anticancer drugs. Front Cell Dev Biology. 2021;8:617884.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Zhang J, Xu T. Thioredoxin reductase inactivation as a pivotal mechanism of Ifosfamide in cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;579(1–3):66–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tan X-L, Popanda O, Ambrosone CB, Kropp S, Helmbold I, Von Fournier D, et al. Association between TP53 and p21 genetic polymorphisms and acute side effects of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006;97(3):255–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohnstad HO, Castro R, Sun J, Heintz KM, Vassilev LT, Bjerkehagen B, et al. Correlation of TP53 and MDM2 genotypes with response to therapy in sarcoma. Cancer. 2013;119(5):1013–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sayed-Ahmed MM, Hafez MM, Aldelemy ML, Aleisa AM, Al-Rejaie SS, Al-Hosaini KA, et al. Downregulation of oxidative and nitrosative apoptotic signaling by L-Carnitine in Ifosfamide‐Induced Fanconi syndrome rat model. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012(1):696704.

Google Scholar 

Sayed-Ahmed MM, Darweesh AQ, Fatani AJ. Carnitine deficiency and oxidative stress provoke cardiotoxicity in an Ifosfamide-Induced Fanconi syndrome rat model. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2010;3(4):266–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Padma VV. An overview of targeted cancer therapy. BioMedicine. 2015;5(4):19.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smith CEP, Prasad V. Targeted cancer therapies. Am Family Phys. 2021;103(3):155–63.

Google Scholar 

Ojha S, Venkataraman B, Kurdi A, Mahgoub E, Sadek B, Rajesh M. Plant-derived agents for counteracting cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016(1):4320374.

Article  Google Scholar 

Basist P, Parveen B, Zahiruddin S, Gautam G, Parveen R, Khan MA, et al. Potential nephroprotective phytochemicals: mechanism and future prospects. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022;283:114743.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kızıl HE, Ulcay S, Ekincioğlu Y, Öğütçü H, Ağar G. An integrated in vitro and in Silico investigation of the bioactive properties of wild glycyrrhiza glabra var. Glandulifera. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2025;80(1):64.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Darendelioğlu E, Yıldırım S, Kucukler S, Dortbudak MB. Rutin ameliorates mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via interfering with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019;56:60–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ceker S, Agar G, Alpsoy L, Nardemir G, Kizil HE, Mete E. Protective role of mentha Longifolia L. ssp. Longifolia against aflatoxin B. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. 2013;16(5):600–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rahman MA, Akter S, Dorotea D, Mazumder A, Uddin MN, Hannan MA, et al. Renoprotective potentials of small molecule natural products targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:925993.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leong, K. F., Chen, Z., & Coghi, P. (2026). Unveiling Rosmarinic Acid: Understanding Its Broad Spectrum of Bioactivities. Planta medica, 92(2), 84-111.

Villegas C, Cortez N, Ogundele AV, Burgos V, Pardi PC, Cabrera-Pardo JR, et al. Therapeutic applications of Rosmarinic acid in cancer-chemotherapy-associated resistance and toxicity. Biomolecules. 2024;14(7):867.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Karageçili H, Gülçin İ. The lamiaceae family plants ethnobotanical properties, ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemical studies and their utilization in public or current clinical practices: A review. Records Nat Prod. 19:SI (2025) 466-487

Petersen M, Simmonds MS. Rosmarinic acid. Phytochemistry. 2003;62(2):121–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

KIZIL Emre Hamit (2025). Biosynthesis of Functionalized Silver Nanomaterials Utilizing Seeds of Black Rosehip (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) and its Remarkable Antioxidative Capacity. Legume Research. 48(9): 1487-1496.

Lu C, Zou Y, Liu Y, Niu Y. Rosmarinic acid counteracts activation of hepatic stellate cells via inhibiting the ROS-dependent MMP-2 activity: involvement of Nrf2 antioxidant system. Toxicol Appl Pharmcol. 2017;318:69–78.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fernando PMDJ, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Ryu YS, Hewage SRKM, Chae SW, et al. Rosmarinic acid attenuates cell damage against UVB radiation-induced oxidative stress via enhancing antioxidant effects in human HaCaT cells. Biomolecules Ther. 2016;24(1):75.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saberi SEM, Chua LS. Evaluation of potential anti-inflammatory activities in crude, clean, and fractionated extracts of Rosmarinic acid and eupatorin from orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2025;65:103537.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ekambaram SP, Perumal SS, Balakrishnan A, Marappan N, Gajendran SS, Viswanathan V. Antibacterial synergy between Rosmarinic acid and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Intercultural Ethnopharmacol. 2016;5(4):358.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Venkatachalam K, Gunasekaran S, Namasivayam N. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive efficacy of Rosmarinic acid in a rat colon cancer. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;791:37–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu J, Zhu Y, Li F, Zhang G, Shi J, Ou R, et al. Spica prunellae and its marker compound Rosmarinic acid induced the expression of efflux transporters through activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;193:1–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jayanthy G, Roshana Devi V, Ilango K, Subramanian SP. Rosmarinic acid mediates mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin resistant skeletal muscle through activation of AMPK. J Cell Biochem. 2017;118(7):1839–48.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jalali J, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Rosemary. A promising therapeutic agent in alleviating nephrotoxicity. J Food Biochem. 2025;2025(1):5519628.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mottaghi M, Heidari F, Movahed TK, Eidi A, Moslehi A. Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: role of FoxO3/NFκB pathway. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2025;28(3):316.

PubMed  PubMed Central