Ford HB, Schust DJ. Recurrent pregnancy loss: etiology, diagnosis, and therapy. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009;2(2):76–83.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2012;98(5):1103–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.048.

Naglot S, Thapliyal A, Tomar AK, Yadav S. Male contributory factors in recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Sci. 2023;30(7):2107–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01192-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naglot S, Tomar AK, Singh N, Yadav S. Label-free proteomics of spermatozoa identifies candidate protein markers of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Biol. 2021;21(3):100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100539.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thapliyal A, Tomar AK, Chandra KB, Naglot S, Dhiman S, Singh N, et al. Differential sperm proteomics reveals the significance of fatty acid synthase and clusterin in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Sci. 2023;30(12):3456–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01288-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Champroux A, Cocquet J, Henry-Berger J, Drevet JR, Kocer A. A decade of exploring the mammalian sperm epigenome: paternal epigenetic and transgenerational inheritance. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018;6:50. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2018.00050.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ostermeier GC, Miller D, Huntriss JD, Diamond MP, Krawetz SA. Reproductive biology: delivering spermatozoan RNA to the oocyte. Nature. 2004;429(6988):154.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alipour M, Abtin M, Hosseinzadeh A, Maleki M. Association between miR-146a C > G, miR-149 T > C, miR-196a2 T > C, and miR-499 A > G polymorphisms and susceptibility to idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019;36(11):2237–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-019-01573-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patronia MM, Potiris A, Mavrogianni D, Drakaki E, Karampitsakos T, Machairoudias P, et al. The expression of microRNAs and their involvement in recurrent pregnancy loss. J Clin Med. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123361.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bruno V, Amati F, Ticconi C, Riccio S, Vancheri C, Rizzacasa B, et al. Low molecular weight heparin-induced miRNA changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pregnancies with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol. 2022;151:103502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2022.103502.

Dong X, Yang L, Wang H. miR-520 promotes DNA-damage-induced trophoblast cell apoptosis by targeting PARP1 in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33(4):274–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2016.1266476.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang JM, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Zhang X, Yin L, et al. Deep-sequencing identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in decidua and villus of recurrent miscarriage patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(5):1125–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-016-4038-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang Q, Gu WW, Gu Y, Yan NN, Mao YY, Zhen XX, et al. Association of the peripheral blood levels of circulating microRNAs with both recurrent miscarriage and the outcomes of embryo transfer in an in vitro fertilization process. J Transl Med. 2018;16(1):186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-018-1556-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Zhou J, Li MQ, Xu J, Zhang JP, Jin LP. MicroRNA-184 promotes apoptosis of trophoblast cells via targeting WIG1 and induces early spontaneous abortion. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10(3):223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1443-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu C, Blondin P, Vigneault C, Labrecque R, Sirard MA. Sperm miRNAs- potential mediators of bull age and early embryo development. BMC Genomics. 2020;21(1):798. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07206-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thapliyal A, Tomar AK, Naglot S, Dhiman S, Datta SK, Sharma JB, et al. Exploring differentially expressed sperm miRNAs in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and their association with early embryonic development. Noncoding RNA. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna10040041.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hekim N, Gunes S, Ergun S, Barhan EN, Asci R. Investigation of sperm hsa-mir-145-5p and MLH1 expressions, seminal oxidative stress and sperm DNA fragmentation in varicocele. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;51(1):588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09534-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao MJ, Zhang YN, Zhao YP, Chen XB, Han BS, Ding N, et al. Altered microRNA expression profiles of human spermatozoa in normal fertile men of different ages. Asian J Androl. 2023;25(6):737–44. https://doi.org/10.4103/aja20238.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chhikara N, Tomar AK, Datta SK, Yadav S. Proteomic changes in human spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction in normozoospermia and asthenozoospermia. Andrology. 2023;11(1):73–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.13289.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Wang X. miRDB: an online database for prediction of functional microRNA targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(D1):D127–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz757.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sherman BT, Hao M, Qiu J, Jiao X, Baseler MW, Lane HC, et al. DAVID: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update). Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(W1):W216–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac194.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Szklarczyk D, Kirsch R, Koutrouli M, Nastou K, Mehryary F, Hachilif R, et al. The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(D1):D638–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac1000.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, et al. Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 2003;13(11):2498–504. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.1239303.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xie S, Zhu Q, Qu W, Xu Z, Liu X, Li X, et al. sRNAPrimerDB: comprehensive primer design and search web service for small non-coding RNAs. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(9):1566–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty852.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Untergasser A, Cutcutache I, Koressaar T, Ye J, Faircloth BC, Remm M, et al. Primer3--new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40(15):e115. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks596.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Spandidos A, Wang X, Wang H, Seed B. PrimerBank: a resource of human and mouse PCR primer pairs for gene expression detection and quantification. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:D792–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp1005.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pang Z, Lu Y, Zhou G, Hui F, Xu L, Viau C, et al. MetaboAnalyst 6.0: towards a unified platform for metabolomics data processing, analysis and interpretation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024;52(W1):W398–406. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae253.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li J, Huang X, Luo L, Sun J, Guo Q, Yang X, et al. The role of p53 in male infertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1457985. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1457985.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central